Humanitext Reader

Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §2.77.1-2.77.6

The Peloponnesian Fire Attack on Plataea and the Rainstorm

Passage 223 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Finding their siege engines ineffective, the Peloponnesians attempt a massive arson to burn down Plataea, hoping for a favorable wind. Although the resulting fire brings the city to the brink of destruction, a sudden torrential rain and thunder extinguish the flames, saving the Plataeans.

§2.77.1μετὰ δὲ τοῦτο οἱ Πελοποννήσιοι, ὡς αἵ τε μηχαναὶ οὐδὲν ὠφέλουν καὶ τῷ χώματι τὸ ἀντιτείχισμα ἐγίγνετο, νομίσαντες ἄπορον εἶναι ἀπὸ τῶν παρόντων δεινῶν ἑλεῖν τὴν πόλιν πρὸς τὴν περιτείχισιν παρεσκευάζοντο.
After this, the Peloponnesians, seeing that the engines were of no avail and that the counter-wall had been built against the mound, and thinking it impossible to take the city by their present means, began to make preparations for circumvallation.
§2.77.2πρότερον δὲ πυρὶ ἔδοξεν αὐτοῖς πειρᾶσαι εἰ δύναιντο πνεύματος γενομένου ἐπιφλέξαι τὴν πόλιν οὖσαν οὐ μεγάλην· πᾶσαν γὰρ δὴ ἰδέαν ἐπενόουν, εἴ πως σφίσιν ἄνευ δαπάνης καὶ πολιορκίας προσαχθείη.
But before this, they resolved to make a trial with fire, to see if, in case a wind should arise, they could burn down the city, which was not large; for they were devising every possible plan, if by any means it might be brought to surrender to them without expense and siege.
§2.77.3φοροῦντες δὲ ὕλης φακέλους παρέβαλον ἀπὸ τοῦ χώματος ἐς τὸ μεταξὺ πρῶτον τοῦ τείχους καὶ τῆς προσχώσεως, ταχὺ δὲ πλήρους γενομένου διὰ πολυχειρίαν ἐπιπαρένησαν καὶ τῆς ἄλλης πόλεως ὅσον ἐδύναντο ἀπὸ τοῦ μετεώρου πλεῖστον ἐπισχεῖν, ἐμβαλόντες δὲ πῦρ ξὺν θείῳ καὶ πίσσῃ ἧψαν τὴν ὕλην.
And carrying bundles of brushwood, they threw them from the mound, first into the space between the wall and the mound, and when this was quickly filled because of the many hands, they piled them also on as much of the rest of the city as they could reach from the height, and throwing in fire with sulfur and pitch, they set the wood alight.
§2.77.4καὶ ἐγένετο φλὸξ τοσαύτη ὅσην οὐδείς πω ἔς γε ἐκεῖνον τὸν χρόνον χειροποίητον εἶδεν· ἤδη γὰρ ἐν ὄρεσιν ὕλη τριφθεῖσα ὑπ’ ἀνέμων πρὸς αὑτὴν ἀπὸ ταὐτομάτου πῦρ καὶ φλόγα ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἀνῆκεν.
And there arose a flame so great as no one had ever yet seen made by the hand of man; for indeed, in the mountains, wood rubbed together by the winds has before now of its own accord produced fire and sent up a flame from it.
§2.77.5τοῦτο δὲ μέγα τε ἦν καὶ τοὺς Πλαταιᾶς τἆλλα διαφυγόντας ἐλαχίστου ἐδέησε διαφθεῖραι· ἐντὸς γὰρ πολλοῦ χωρίου τῆς πόλεως οὐκ ἦν πελάσαι, πνεῦμά τε εἰ ἐπεγένετο αὐτῇ ἐπίφορον, ὅπερ καὶ ἤλπιζον οἱ ἐναντίοι, οὐκ ἂν διέφυγον.
but this fire was both great and came within a very little of destroying the Plataeans, who had escaped the other dangers; for inside a great part of the city it was impossible to approach, and if a favorable wind had arisen to blow upon it, as the enemy actually expected, they would not have escaped.
§2.77.6νῦν δὲ καὶ τόδε λέγεται ξυμβῆναι, ὕδωρ [ἐξ οὐρανοῦ] πολὺ καὶ βροντὰς γενομένας σβέσαι τὴν φλόγα καὶ οὕτω παυσθῆναι τὸν κίνδυνον.
But as it was, it is said that this also happened, that a great rain from heaven and claps of thunder came and quenched the flame, and so the danger was ended.

Notes

  1. §2.77.1νομίσαντες ἄπορον εἶναι ἀπὸ τῶν παρόντων δεινῶν ἑλεῖν τὴν πόλιν — Meaning "thinking it impossible to take the city by their present means (or from the present difficulties)." The phrase ἀπὸ τῶν παρόντων δεινῶν refers to the aggressive methods (δεινά) such as engines and mounds they had used so far, or indicates a situational judgment based on the current deadlock.
  2. §2.77.2πᾶσαν γὰρ δὴ ἰδέαν ἐπενόουν, εἴ πως σφίσιν ἄνευ δαπάνης καὶ πολιορκίας προσαχθείη — The optative clause (προσαχθείη) introduced by εἴ "if" functions like an indirect question corresponding to the imperfect main verb (ἐπενόουν), expressing an intention or hope ("to see if somehow it might be..."). σφίσιν (third-person plural reflexive pronoun, dative) refers to the Peloponnesians themselves, and προσαχθείη (passive optative of προσάγω) means "be brought to surrender / be won over."
  3. §2.77.3τῆς ἄλλης πόλεως ὅσον ἐδύναντο ἀπὸ τοῦ μετεώρου πλεῖστον ἐπισχεῖν — The partitive genitive τῆς ἄλλης πόλεως does not depend directly on the verb ἐπιπαρένησαν, but on πλεῖστον in the subsequent infinitive clause. The infinitive ἐπισχεῖν (from ἐπέχω, "to reach, cover") expresses result or purpose, meaning "onto the greatest part of the rest of the city that they could reach (ὅσον ἐδύναντο) from the high ground (ἀπὸ τοῦ μετεώρου)."
  4. §2.77.4πῦρ καὶ φλόγα ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἀνῆκεν — The aorist ἀνῆκεν is used as a gnomic aorist, expressing a general truth or natural law, or referring to a known historical fact. It explains the natural phenomenon of forest fires as a contrast to the artificial fire (χειροποίητον) mentioned in the main clause.
  5. §2.77.5ἐλαχίστου ἐδέησε διαφθεῖραι — An idiomatic expression based on the impersonal verb δεῖ with a genitive of difference, meaning "to come within a very little of doing something." Here in the past tense (ἐδέησε), it literally means "it lacked the very least to destroy (them)," i.e., "it came within a hair's breadth of destroying them."

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §2.77.1-2.77.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.77.1-2.77.6

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.