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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §2.75.1-2.75.6

The Peloponnesian Siege Mound and Plataean Defenses

Passage 221 of 917 · Greek

Summary

After invoking the gods, Archidamus begins the siege of Plataea. As the Peloponnesians start raising a mound against the city, the Plataeans counter by heightening their wall and bringing the mound's earth inside.

§2.75.1τοσαῦτα ἐπιθειάσας καθίστη ἐς πόλεμον τὸν στρατόν, καὶ πρῶτον μὲν περιεσταύρωσαν αὐτοὺς τοῖς δένδρεσιν ἃ ἔκοψαν, τοῦ μηδένα ἐπεξιέναι, ἔπειτα χῶμα ἔχουν πρὸς τὴν πόλιν, ἐλπίζοντες ταχίστην αἵρεσιν ἔσεσθαι αὐτῶν στρατεύματος τοσούτου ἐργαζομένου.
After invoking the gods in this manner, Archidamus set his army in array for war. First they palisaded them with the trees which they cut down, to prevent anyone from coming out, and then they began to throw up a mound against the city, hoping that its capture would be very speedy with so great an army working.
§2.75.2ξύλα μὲν οὖν τέμνοντες ἐκ τοῦ Κιθαιρῶνος παρῳκοδόμουν ἑκατέρωθεν, φορμηδὸν ἀντὶ τοίχων τιθέντες, ὅπως μὴ διαχέοιτο ἐπὶ πολὺ τὸ χῶμα· ἐφόρουν δὲ ὕλην ἐς αὐτὸ καὶ λίθους καὶ γῆν καὶ εἴ τι ἄλλο ἁνύτειν μέλλοι ἐπιβαλλόμενον.
So, cutting timber from Cithaeron, they built a frame on either side, laying them crosswise like walls, so that the mound might not spread too far; and they carried into it brushwood, stones, earth, and whatever else when thrown in might be of use.
§2.75.3ἡμέρας δὲ ἔχουν † ἑβδομήκοντα † καὶ νύκτας ξυνεχῶς, διῃρημένοι κατ’ ἀναπαύλας, ὥστε τοὺς μὲν φέρειν, τοὺς δὲ ὕπνον τε καὶ σῖτον αἱρεῖσθαι· Λακεδαιμονίων τε οἱ ξεναγοὶ ἑκάστης πόλεως ξυνεφεστῶτες ἠνάγκαζον ἐς τὸ ἔργον.
They threw up the mound for † seventy † days and nights continuously, divided into relief shifts, so that while some were carrying, others took sleep and food; and the Lacedaemonian commanders of each city, standing over them, forced them to the work.
§2.75.4οἱ δὲ Πλαταιῆς ὁρῶντες τὸ χῶμα αἰρόμενον, ξύλινον τεῖχος ξυνθέντες καὶ ἐπιστήσαντες τῷ ἑαυτῶν τείχει ᾗ προσεχοῦτο, ἐσῳκοδόμουν ἐς αὐτὸ πλίνθους ἐκ τῶν ἐγγὺς οἰκιῶν καθαιροῦντες.
Meanwhile the Plataeans, seeing the mound rising, constructed a wooden wall, placed it on top of their own wall at the point where the mound was being piled up, and built bricks into it, which they took by pulling down the neighboring houses.
§2.75.5ξύνδεσμος δ’ ἦν αὐτοῖς τὰ ξύλα, τοῦ μὴ ὑψηλὸν γιγνόμενον ἀσθενὲς εἶναι τὸ οἰκοδόμημα, καὶ προκαλύμματα εἶχε δέρσεις καὶ διφθέρας, ὥστε τοὺς ἐργαζομένους καὶ τὰ ξύλα μήτε πυρφόροις οἰστοῖς βάλλεσθαι ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ τε εἶναι.
The woodwork served as a binding for them, to prevent the building from becoming weak as it grew high, and it had protective screens of skins and hides, so that both the workmen and the timber should not be hit by fire-bearing arrows, but be in safety.
§2.75.6ᾔρετο δὲ τὸ ὕψος τοῦ τείχους μέγα, καὶ τὸ χῶμα οὐ σχολαίτερον ἀντανῄει αὐτῷ.
As the height of the wall rose great, the mound rose up to meet it no less rapidly.
καὶ οἱ Πλαταιῆς τοιόνδε τι ἐπινοοῦσιν· διελόντες τοῦ τείχους ᾗ προσέπιπτε τὸ χῶμα ἐσεφόρουν τὴν γῆν.
And the Plataeans devised the following plan: breaking through the wall where the mound pressed against it, they carried the earth inside.

Notes

  1. §2.75.1τοῦ μηδένα ἐπεξιέναι — To prevent anyone from coming out. A genitive of purpose consisting of τοῦ with the infinitive (negated by μή). It expresses the purpose of περιεσταύρωσαν (they palisaded).
  2. §2.75.2εἴ τι ἄλλο ἁνύτειν μέλλοι ἐπιβαλλόμενον — Whatever else when thrown in might be of use. The verb ἁνύτειν is used intransitively to mean 'to achieve, be effective, or be of use.' The participle ἐπιβαλλόμενον functions as a temporal or conditional modifier ('when/if thrown in').
  3. §2.75.5τοῦ μὴ ὑψηλὸν γιγνόμενον ἀσθενὲς εἶναι τὸ οἰκοδόμημα — To prevent the building from becoming weak as it grew high. Like τοῦ μηδένα ἐπεξιέναι in section 1, this is a genitive of purpose or result consisting of τοῦ + infinitive (negated by μή). τὸ οἰκοδόμημα (the building) is the subject of the infinitive εἶναι, ἀσθενὲς is its complement, and ὑψηλὸν γιγνόμενον is a circumstantial participle meaning 'as it grew high.'

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §2.75.1-2.75.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.75.1-2.75.6

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