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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §2.51.1-2.51.6

Mass Mortality, the Failure of Care, and the Survivors

Passage 197 of 917 · Greek

Summary

The text describes the general symptoms and characteristics of the plague, the mass mortality caused by infection through caregiving, and the temporary relief and unfounded hopes of the survivors who had recovered.

§2.51.1τὸ μὲν οὖν νόσημα, πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα παραλιπόντι ἀτοπίας, ὡς ἑκάστῳ ἐτύγχανέ τι διαφερόντως ἑτέρῳ πρὸς ἕτερον γιγνόμενον, τοιοῦτον ἦν ἐπὶ πᾶν τὴν ἰδέαν.
Such, then, was the general character of the disease, even if one were to omit many of its other peculiarities, as it happened to affect each individual in some different way compared to another.
καὶ ἄλλο παρελύπει κατ’ ἐκεῖνον τὸν χρόνον οὐδὲν τῶν εἰωθότων· ὃ δὲ καὶ γένοιτο, ἐς τοῦτο ἐτελεύτα.
And no other of the customary diseases troubled anyone at that time; and whatever did occur ended in this.
§2.51.2ἔθνῃσκον δὲ οἱ μὲν ἀμελείᾳ, οἱ δὲ καὶ πάνυ θεραπευόμενοι.
Some died in neglect, others while receiving every possible care.
ἕν τε οὐδὲ ἓν κατέστη ἴαμα ὡς εἰπεῖν ὅτι χρῆν προσφέροντας ὠφελεῖν· τὸ γάρ τῳ ξυνενεγκὸν ἄλλον τοῦτο ἔβλαπτεν.
And not even a single remedy was established, so to speak, which was bound to help those to whom it was applied; for what was beneficial to one was harmful to another.
§2.51.3σῶμά τε αὔταρκες ὂν οὐδὲν διεφάνη πρὸς αὐτὸ ἰσχύος πέρι ἢ ἀσθενείας, ἀλλὰ πάντα ξυνῄρει καὶ τὰ πάσῃ διαίτῃ θεραπευόμενα.
No constitution, whether strong or weak, proved sufficient in itself against it, but the disease swept all away alike, even those cared for with every kind of regimen.
§2.51.4δεινότατον δὲ παντὸς ἦν τοῦ κακοῦ ἥ τε ἀθυμία ὁπότε τις αἴσθοιτο κάμνων (πρὸς γὰρ τὸ ἀνέλπιστον εὐθὺς τραπόμενοι τῇ γνώμῃ πολλῷ μᾶλλον προΐεντο σφᾶς αὐτοὺς καὶ οὐκ ἀντεῖχον), καὶ ὅτι ἕτερος ἀφ’ ἑτέρου θεραπείας ἀναπιμπλάμενοι ὥσπερ τὰ πρόβατα ἔθνῃσκον· καὶ τὸν πλεῖστον φθόρον τοῦτο ἐνεποίει.
But the most terrible thing of all the evil was both the dejection whenever anyone felt himself sickening (for turning their minds at once to hopelessness, they gave themselves up far more and did not hold out), and the fact that, becoming infected from the care of one another, they died like sheep; and this caused the greatest destruction.
§2.51.5εἴτε γὰρ μὴ ᾽θέλοιεν δεδιότες ἀλλήλοις προσιέναι, ἀπώλλυντο ἐρῆμοι, καὶ οἰκίαι πολλαὶ ἐκενώθησαν ἀπορίᾳ τοῦ θεραπεύσοντος· εἴτε προσίοιεν, διεφθείροντο, καὶ μάλιστα οἱ ἀρετῆς τι μεταποιούμενοι·
For if, out of fear, they were unwilling to approach one another, they perished in isolation, and many houses were emptied through lack of anyone to tend them; but if they did approach, they were destroyed, especially those who made some claim to virtue.
αἰσχύνῃ γὰρ ἠφείδουν σφῶν αὐτῶν ἐσιόντες παρὰ τοὺς φίλους, ἐπεὶ καὶ τὰς ὀλοφύρσεις τῶν ἀπογιγνομένων τελευτῶντες καὶ οἱ οἰκεῖοι ἐξέκαμνον ὑπὸ τοῦ πολλοῦ κακοῦ νικώμενοι.
For out of shame they were unsparing of themselves, entering the houses of their friends, since in the end even the relatives, overcome by the magnitude of the disaster, grew weary of the lamentations for the dying.
§2.51.6ἐπὶ πλέον δ’ ὅμως οἱ διαπεφευγότες τόν τε θνῄσκοντα καὶ τὸν πονούμενον ᾠκτίζοντο διὰ τὸ προειδέναι τε καὶ αὐτοὶ ἤδη ἐν τῷ θαρσαλέῳ εἶναι· δὶς γὰρ τὸν αὐτόν, ὥστε καὶ κτείνειν, οὐκ ἐπελάμβανεν.
Nevertheless, those who had survived felt more compassion for the dying and the suffering, both because they had foreknowledge of it and because they themselves were already in safety; for the disease did not seize the same person twice, at least not so as to be fatal.
καὶ ἐμακαρίζοντό τε ὑπὸ τῶν ἄλλων, καὶ αὐτοὶ τῷ παραχρῆμα περιχαρεῖ καὶ ἐς τὸν ἔπειτα χρόνον ἐλπίδος τι εἶχον κούφης μηδ’ ἂν ὑπ’ ἄλλου νοσήματός ποτε ἔτι διαφθαρῆναι.
And they were congratulated by others, and they themselves, in their immediate joy, even harbored a slight hope for the future that they would never again be destroyed by any other disease.

Notes

  1. 2.51.1παραλιπόντι — Dative participle functioning as a conditional clause ('if one were to omit') or dative of relation/reference ('to one omitting').
  2. 2.51.1ὃ δὲ καὶ γένοιτο — The optative (γένοιτο) expresses a past general/iterative condition ('whatever other disease might occur'), which corresponds to the imperfect verb (ἐτελεύτα) in the main clause.
  3. 2.51.2ὡς εἰπεῖν — Limiting or absolute infinitive, meaning 'so to speak' or 'practically,' used to soften the absolute negative expression (ἕν τε οὐδὲ ἕν, 'not even one').
  4. 2.51.4ἀναπιμπλάμενοι — Passive participle meaning 'being infected' or 'catching the disease.' It is modified by the genitive of source (θεραπείας, 'from attendance'), indicating that transmission occurred through nursing others.
  5. 2.51.6μηδ’ ἂν ... διαφθαρῆναι — The infinitive (aorist passive) with the particle ἂν represents a potential optative or an indicative with ἂν in indirect discourse, expressing the strong (though groundless) belief of the survivors that they 'would never be destroyed by any other disease.'

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §2.51.1-2.51.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.51.1-2.51.6

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