Humanitext Reader

Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §2.48.1-2.48.3

Origin of the Plague and the Intent to Record Symptoms

Passage 194 of 917 · Greek

Summary

The author describes the origin of the plague, its sudden outbreak in Athens and the resulting rumors, declaring his intention to record its symptoms accurately based on his own experience.

§2.48.1ἤρξατο δὲ τὸ μὲν πρῶτον, ὡς λέγεται, ἐξ Αἰθιοπίας τῆς ὑπὲρ Αἰγύπτου, ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ ἐς Αἴγυπτον καὶ Λιβύην κατέβη καὶ ἐς τὴν βασιλέως γῆν τὴν πολλήν. §2.48.2ἐς δὲ τὴν Ἀθηναίων πόλιν ἐξαπιναίως ἐσέπεσε, καὶ τὸ πρῶτον ἐν τῷ Πειραιεῖ ἥψατο τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ὥστε καὶ ἐλέχθη ὑπ’ αὐτῶν ὡς οἱ Πελοποννήσιοι φάρμακα ἐσβεβλήκοιεν ἐς τὰ φρέατα· κρῆναι γὰρ οὔπω ἦσαν αὐτόθι.
began, as is said, first in Ethiopia above Egypt, and then descended into Egypt and Libya and into most of the King's territory. the city of the Athenians it fell suddenly, and at first attacked the people in Piraeus, so that it was even said by them that the Peloponnesians had thrown poison into the wells; for there were not yet public fountains there.
ὕστερον δὲ καὶ ἐς τὴν ἄνω πόλιν ἀφίκετο, καὶ ἔθνῃσκον πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἤδη. §2.48.3λεγέτω μὲν οὖν περὶ αὐτοῦ ὡς ἕκαστος γιγνώσκει καὶ ἰατρὸς καὶ ἰδιώτης, ἀφ’ ὅτου εἰκὸς ἦν γενέσθαι αὐτό, καὶ τὰς αἰτίας ἅστινας νομίζει τοσαύτης μεταβολῆς ἱκανὰς εἶναι δύναμιν ἐς τὸ μεταστῆσαι σχεῖν· ἐγὼ δὲ οἷόν τε ἐγίγνετο λέξω, καὶ ἀφ’ ὧν ἄν τις σκοπῶν, εἴ ποτε καὶ αὖθις ἐπιπέσοι, μάλιστ’ ἂν ἔχοι τι προειδὼς μὴ ἀγνοεῖν, ταῦτα δηλώσω αὐτός τε νοσήσας καὶ αὐτὸς ἰδὼν ἄλλους πάσχοντας.
But later it reached the upper city as well, and they were dying now in much greater numbers. each, therefore, speak about it as he understands, both physician and layman, from what source it was likely to have arisen, and what causes he thinks were sufficient to have the power to effect such a change; but I shall describe what it was like, and shall declare those symptoms by studying which, if it should ever attack again, one would, having some prior knowledge, be best able not to fail to recognize it, having both suffered from the disease myself and seen others suffering from it myself.

Notes

  1. 2.48.2ἐσβεβλήκοιεν — Oblique optative in the indirect discourse clause introduced by ὡς. Because the main verb is in the past tense (ἐλέχθη), the original indicative is changed to the optative.
  2. 2.48.3δύναμιν ἐς τὸ μεταστῆσαι σχεῖν — The usage of the supplementary infinitive σχεῖν (aorist infinitive of ἔχω, 'to possess, acquire') within the accusative and infinitive construction dependent on νομίζει. It follows αἰτίας ἱκανὰς εἶναι ('causes are sufficient') to mean 'to possess (σχεῖν) the power (δύναμιν) directed toward changing (ἐς τὸ μεταστῆσαι) the condition.'
  3. 2.48.3ἀφ’ ὧν ἄν τις σκοπῶν... μάλιστ’ ἂν ἔχοι τι προειδὼς μὴ ἀγνοεῖν — A conditional structure formed by the participle σκοπῶν (serving as a protasis, 'if one studies') and the potential optative ἂν ἔχοι in the apodosis. The verb ἔχω with an infinitive (μὴ ἀγνοεῖν) means 'to be able (not to fail to recognize).' The participle προειδώς indicates a state of prior knowledge.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §2.48.1-2.48.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.48.1-2.48.3

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