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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §2.3.1-2.3.4

Plataean Preparations and Dawn Counterattack

Passage 149 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Upon realizing the small number of the invading Thebans, the Plataeans planned a counterattack, gathered secretly by digging through common walls, and launched a surprise assault before dawn.

§2.3.1οἱ δὲ Πλαταιῆς ὡς ᾔσθοντο ἔνδον τε ὄντας τοὺς Θηβαίους καὶ ἐξαπιναίως κατειλημμένην τὴν πόλιν, καταδείσαντες καὶ νομίσαντες πολλῷ πλείους ἐσεληλυθέναι (οὐ γὰρ ἑώρων ἐν τῇ νυκτί) πρὸς ξύμβασιν ἐχώρησαν καὶ τοὺς λόγους δεξάμενοι ἡσύχαζον, ἄλλως τε καὶ ἐπειδὴ ἐς οὐδένα οὐδὲν ἐνεωτέριζον.
When the Plataeans perceived that the Thebans were inside and that the city had been suddenly captured, they were terrified and, imagining that far more had entered (for they could not see in the night), they proceeded to make a settlement; accepting the terms, they remained quiet, especially as the Thebans were not committing any acts of violence against anyone.
§2.3.2πράσσοντες δέ πως ταῦτα κατενόησαν οὐ πολλοὺς τοὺς Θηβαίους ὄντας καὶ ἐνόμισαν ἐπιθέμενοι ῥᾳδίως κρατήσειν· τῷ γὰρ πλήθει τῶν Πλαταιῶν οὐ βουλομένῳ ἦν τῶν Ἀθηναίων ἀφίστασθαι.
But while they were negotiating in some way, they realized that the Thebans were not numerous, and they thought that if they attacked them, they would easily master them; for to the majority of the Plataeans, it was not their wish to revolt from the Athenians.
§2.3.3ἐδόκει οὖν ἐπιχειρητέα εἶναι, καὶ ξυνελέγοντο διορύσσοντες τοὺς κοινοὺς τοίχους παρ᾽ ἀλλήλους, ὅπως μὴ διὰ τῶν ὁδῶν φανεροὶ ὦσιν ἰόντες, ἁμάξας τε ἄνευ τῶν ὑποζυγίων ἐς τὰς ὁδοὺς καθίστασαν, ἵνα ἀντὶ τείχους ᾖ, καὶ τἆλλα ἐξήρτυον ᾗ ἕκαστον ἐφαίνετο πρὸς τὰ παρόντα ξύμφορον ἔσεσθαι.
It seemed, therefore, that the attempt must be made, and they gathered together by digging through the common walls between one another, so that they might not be seen going through the streets; they also stationed wagons without their beasts of burden in the streets, to serve as a barricade, and made all other preparations in such a way as each seemed likely to be useful for the present emergency.
§2.3.4ἐπεὶ δὲ ὡς ἐκ τῶν δυνατῶν ἑτοῖμα ἦν, φυλάξαντες ἔτι νύκτα καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ περίορθρον ἐχώρουν ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν ἐπ’ αὐτούς, ὅπως μὴ κατὰ φῶς θαρσαλεωτέροις οὖσι προσφέροιντο καὶ σφίσιν ἐκ τοῦ ἴσου γίγνωνται, ἀλλ’ ἐν νυκτὶ φοβερώτεροι ὄντες ἥσσους ὦσι τῆς σφετέρας ἐμπειρίας τῆς κατὰ τὴν πόλιν.
And when all was ready as far as circumstances permitted, having watched for the time when it was still night and just before the dawn, they sallied out from their houses against them, so that they might not engage them by daylight when they would be bolder and on equal terms, but rather that in the night, being more fearful, they might be inferior to their own experience of the city.
προσέβαλόν τε εὐθὺς καὶ ἐς χεῖρας ᾖσαν κατὰ τάχος.
They attacked at once and came to close quarters with speed.

Notes

  1. 2.3.1ἐς οὐδένα οὐδὲν ἐνεωτέριζον — The subject of the verb ἐνεωτέριζον ('to make a revolution' or 'commit acts of violence') is contextually the Thebans (Θηβαῖοι). It explains why the Plataeans remained quiet, as the invaders had not yet committed any hostile acts against anyone.
  2. 2.3.2τῷ γὰρ πλήθει τῶν Πλαταιῶν οὐ βουλομένῳ ἦν — A classic construction where a dative (τῷ πλήθει) combined with the participle of βούλομαι (βουλομένῳ) and the verb 'to be' (ἦν) expresses preference or desire: 'it was not the wish of the majority of the Plataeans' to revolt.
  3. 2.3.3ἐπιχειρητέα εἶναι — The neuter plural of the verbal adjective ἐπιχειρητέος ('to be attempted') is used impersonally with εἶναι, meaning 'it seemed that an attempt must be made.'
  4. 2.3.4ἥσσους ὦσι τῆς σφετέρας ἐμπειρίας — The comparative adjective ἥσσους ('inferior') governs the genitive of comparison τῆς σφετέρας ἐμπειρίας ('their own experience'). The indirect reflexive possessive σφετέρας refers back to the main subject (the Plataeans), meaning the Thebans would be at a disadvantage compared to the Plataeans' familiarity with their own city.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §2.3.1-2.3.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.3.1-2.3.4

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