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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §2.22.1-2.22.3

Pericles' Restraint and the Cavalry Skirmish at Phrygia

Passage 168 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Pericles maintains peace in the city by avoiding public assemblies while sending out cavalry to protect the outskirts, leading to a minor skirmish at Phrygii. The Thessalian allied forces who came to aid Athens and their commanders are detailed.

§2.22.1Περικλῆς δὲ ὁρῶν μὲν αὐτοὺς πρὸς τὸ παρὸν χαλεπαίνοντας καὶ οὐ τὰ ἄριστα φρονοῦντας, πιστεύων δὲ ὀρθῶς γιγνώσκειν περὶ τοῦ μὴ ἐπεξιέναι, ἐκκλησίαν τε οὐκ ἐποίει αὐτῶν οὐδὲ ξύλλογον οὐδένα, τοῦ μὴ ὀργῇ τι μᾶλλον ἢ γνώμῃ ξυνελθόντας ἐξαμαρτεῖν, τήν τε πόλιν ἐφύλασσε καὶ δι’ ἡσυχίας μάλιστα ὅσον ἐδύνατο εἶχεν.
Pericles, seeing that they were angry at the present situation and not thinking what was best, but believing that he was right in his judgment about not marching out, did not call them to an assembly or any other meeting, so that they might not gather together and make a mistake through anger rather than reason. He kept guard over the city and held it as quiet as possible.
§2.22.2ἱππέας μέντοι ἐξέπεμπεν αἰεὶ τοῦ μὴ προδρόμους ἀπὸ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἐσπίπτοντας ἐς τοὺς ἀγροὺς τοὺς ἐγγὺς τῆς πόλεως κακουργεῖν·
However, he continually sent out cavalry, so that the advanced guards from the army might not break into the fields near the city and ravage them.
καὶ ἱππομαχία τις ἐγένετο βραχεῖα ἐν Φρυγίοις τῶν τε Ἀθηναίων τέλει ἑνὶ τῶν ἱππέων καὶ Θεσσαλοῖς μετ’ αὐτῶν πρὸς τοὺς Βοιωτῶν ἱππέας, ἐν ᾗ οὐκ ἔλασσον ἔσχον οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι καὶ Θεσσαλοί, μέχρι οὗ προσβοηθησάντων τοῖς Βοιωτοῖς τῶν ὁπλιτῶν τροπὴ ἐγένετο αὐτῶν καὶ ἀπέθανον τῶν Θεσσαλῶν καὶ Ἀθηναίων οὐ πολλοί·
And a short cavalry skirmish took place at Phrygii between a single squadron of Athenian cavalry, with whom were the Thessalians, and the cavalry of the Boeotians, in which the Athenians and Thessalians held their own, until the heavy infantry came to the aid of the Boeotians, whereupon they were routed, and not many of the Thessalians and Athenians were killed.
ἀνείλοντο μέντοι αὐτοὺς αὐθημερὸν ἀσπόνδους.
However, they recovered their dead on the same day without a truce.
§2.22.3καὶ οἱ Πελοποννήσιοι τροπαῖον τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ ἔστησαν.
And the Peloponnesians set up a trophy on the following day.
ἡ δὲ βοήθεια αὕτη τῶν Θεσσαλῶν κατὰ τὸ παλαιὸν ξυμμαχικὸν ἐγένετο τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις, καὶ ἀφίκοντο παρ’ αὐτοὺς Λαρισαῖοι, Φαρσάλιοι, [Παράσιοι], Κραννώνιοι, Πυράσιοι, Γυρτώνιοι, Φεραῖοι.
This assistance of the Thessalians was rendered to the Athenians according to their ancient alliance, and there came to them Larisaeans, Pharsalians, [Parasians], Crannonians, Pyrasians, Gyrtonians, and Pheraeans.
ἡγοῦντο δὲ αὐτῶν ἐκ μὲν Λαρίσης Πολυμήδης καὶ Ἀριστόνους, ἀπὸ τῆς στάσεως ἑκάτερος, ἐκ δὲ Φαρσάλου Μένων· ἦσαν δὲ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων κατὰ πόλεις ἄρχοντες.
Their commanders were, from Larisa, Polymedes and Aristonous, each from his own faction, and from Pharsalus, Menon; and there were also commanders of the others according to their cities.

Notes

  1. 2.22.1τοῦ μὴ ... ἐξαμαρτεῖν — A genitive infinitive of purpose ('so that they might not err'). The subject of the infinitive is the accusative participle `ξυνελθόντας` ('having gathered') placed right before it.
  2. 2.22.2τοῦ μὴ ... κακουργεῖν — Another genitive infinitive of purpose. The subject of the infinitive `κακουργεῖν` is the accusative noun phrase `προδρόμους ... ἐσπίπτοντας` ('the advanced guards breaking in').
  3. 2.22.2ἀσπόνδους — The adjective `ἀσπονδος` ('without a treaty') is used predicatively, meaning 'without a truce'. While a defeated army normally had to make a formal request for a truce (spondai) to recover their dead, here they recovered them without such procedures.
  4. 2.22.3ἀπὸ τῆς στάσεως ἑκάτερος — Meaning 'each from his own faction'. It explains that due to political rivalry (stasis) in Larisa, one leader (Polymedes and Aristonous respectively) was chosen from each of the two opposing factions to jointly command the forces.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §2.22.1-2.22.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.22.1-2.22.3

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