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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §1.99.1-1.99.3

Causes of Revolt and Athenian Naval Dominance

Passage 99 of 917 · Greek

Summary

The author explains the causes of the allies' revolts and how their choice to pay money instead of supplying ships led to the growth of Athenian naval power at the expense of their own military readiness.

§1.99.1αἰτίαι δὲ ἄλλαι τε ἦσαν τῶν ἀποστάσεων καὶ μέγισται αἱ τῶν φόρων καὶ νεῶν ἔκδειαι καὶ λιποστράτιον εἴ τῳ ἐγένετο· οἱ γὰρ Ἀθηναῖοι ἀκριβῶς ἔπρασσον καὶ λυπηροὶ ἦσαν οὐκ εἰωθόσιν οὐδὲ βουλομένοις ταλαιπωρεῖν προσάγοντες τὰς ἀνάγκας.
The causes of the revolts were various, but the chief ones were arrears of tribute and of ships, and failure of military service, if such occurred to anyone; for the Athenians exacted these strictly and were offensive, applying coercion to men who were neither accustomed nor willing to undergo hardships.
§1.99.2ἦσαν δέ πως καὶ ἄλλως οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι οὐκέτι ὁμοίως ἐν ἡδονῇ ἄρχοντες, καὶ οὔτε ξυνεστράτευον ἀπὸ τοῦ ἴσου ῥᾴδιόν τε προσάγεσθαι ἦν αὐτοῖς τοὺς ἀφισταμένους.
In other ways too, the Athenians were no longer ruling in a manner that was agreeable, and they did not take part in campaigns on an equal footing, and it was easy for them to bring those who revolted back into subjection.
§1.99.3ὧν αὐτοὶ αἴτιοι ἐγένοντο οἱ ξύμμαχοι· διὰ γὰρ τὴν ἀπόκνησιν ταύτην τῶν στρατειῶν οἱ πλείους αὐτῶν, ἵνα μὴ ἀπ’ οἴκου ὦσι, χρήματα ἐτάξαντο ἀντὶ τῶν νεῶν τὸ ἱκνούμενον ἀνάλωμα φέρειν, καὶ τοῖς μὲν Ἀθηναίοις ηὔξετο τὸ ναυτικὸν ἀπὸ τῆς δαπάνης ἣν ἐκεῖνοι ξυμφέροιεν, αὐτοὶ δέ, ὁπότε ἀποσταῖεν, ἀπαράσκευοι καὶ ἄπειροι ἐς τὸν πόλεμον καθίσταντο.
For this, the allies themselves were responsible; for because of this reluctance to go on campaigns, most of them, so that they might not be away from home, agreed to pay a corresponding sum of money instead of supplying ships. Consequently, while the Athenian navy was increased by the expenditure which the allies contributed, they themselves, whenever they revolted, entered upon war unprepared and inexperienced.

Notes

  1. 1.99.1λιποστράτιον εἴ τῳ ἐγένετο — Meaning 'failure of military service, if such occurred to anyone.' The conditional clause `εἴ τῳ ἐγένετο` modifies the preceding noun `λιποστράτιον` (failure of service), functioning appositively to limit its occurrence.
  2. 1.99.2ἐν ἡδονῇ ἄρχοντες — Meaning 'ruling in an agreeable manner (to the subjects).' The nominative participle `ἄρχοντες` is used periphrastically with `ἦσαν` to describe the character of their rule.
  3. 1.99.3ὧν — A connecting relative pronoun in the neuter plural genitive. The antecedent is not a single word, but the entire situation described in the preceding chapter and section, where the allies were enslaved one by one and the Athenian rule became coercive and easy to enforce.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §1.99.1-1.99.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.99.1-1.99.3

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