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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §1.91.1-1.91.7

Completion of the Walls and the Speech of Themistocles

Passage 91 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Themistocles suggested that the Lacedaemonians send inspectors to Athens to delay their suspicion, while secretly advising the Athenians to detain those inspectors. Once his fellow-envoys arrived and confirmed the completion of the wall, Themistocles openly declared to the Lacedaemonians that Athens was now fortified and argued that equal defensive preparation is necessary for fair joint deliberation.

§1.91.1οἱ δὲ ἀκούοντες τῷ μὲν Θεμιστοκλεῖ ἐπείθοντο διὰ φιλίαν αὐτοῦ, τῶν δὲ ἄλλων ἀφικνουμένων καὶ σαφῶς κατηγορούντων ὅτι τειχίζεταί τε καὶ ἤδη ὕψος λαμβάνει, οὐκ εἶχον ὅπως χρὴ ἀπιστῆσαι.
The Lacedaemonians, on hearing this, were inclined to believe Themistocles because of their friendship for him; but when others kept arriving and clearly accusing them, saying that the wall was being built and was already gaining height, they did not know how they could disbelieve it.
§1.91.2γνοὺς δὲ ἐκεῖνος κελεύει αὐτοὺς μὴ λόγοις μᾶλλον παράγεσθαι ἢ πέμψαι σφῶν αὐτῶν ἄνδρας οἵτινες χρηστοὶ καὶ πιστῶς ἀναγγελοῦσι σκεψάμενοι.
But when Themistocles perceived this, he urged them not to be led astray by words, but rather to send men of their own who would be trustworthy and, after inspecting, report back faithfully.
§1.91.3ἀποστέλλουσιν οὖν, καὶ περὶ αὐτῶν ὁ Θεμιστοκλῆς τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις κρύφα πέμπει κελεύων ὡς ἥκιστα ἐπιφανῶς κατασχεῖν καὶ μὴ ἀφεῖναι πρὶν ἂν αὐτοὶ πάλιν κομισθῶσιν (ἤδη γὰρ καὶ ἧκον αὐτῷ οἱ ξυμπρέσβεις, Ἁβρώνιχός τε ὁ Λυσικλέους καὶ Ἀριστείδης ὁ Λυσιμάχου, ἀγγέλλοντες ἔχειν ἱκανῶς τὸ τεῖχος) ἐφοβεῖτο γὰρ μὴ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι σφᾶς, ὁπότε σαφῶς ἀκούσειαν, οὐκέτι ἀφῶσιν.
They dispatched them accordingly, and concerning these men Themistocles sent a secret message to the Athenians, telling them to hold them with as little publicity as possible and not to let them go until they themselves should have returned; for by this time his fellow-envoys, Habronichus the son of Lysicles and Aristides the son of Lysimachus, had already arrived and brought him word that the wall was of sufficient height. For he was afraid that the Lacedaemonians, when they heard the truth clearly, would no longer let them go.
§1.91.4οἵ τε οὖν Ἀθηναῖοι τοὺς πρέσβεις, ὥσπερ ἐπεστάλη, κατεῖχον, καὶ ὁ Θεμιστοκλῆς ἐπελθὼν τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις ἐνταῦθα δὴ φανερῶς εἶπεν ὅτι ἡ μὲν πόλις σφῶν τετείχισται ἤδη ὥστε ἱκανὴ εἶναι σῴζειν τοὺς ἐνοικοῦντας, εἰ δέ τι βούλονται Λακεδαιμόνιοι ἢ οἱ ξύμμαχοι πρεσβεύεσθαι παρὰ σφᾶς, ὡς πρὸς διαγιγνώσκοντας τὸ λοιπὸν ἰέναι τά τε σφίσιν αὐτοῖς ξύμφορα καὶ τὰ κοινά.
So the Athenians held the envoys, as they had been instructed; and Themistocles, coming before the Lacedaemonians, then at last spoke openly, saying that their city was already walled so as to be sufficient to preserve its inhabitants, and that if the Lacedaemonians or their allies wished to send any embassy to them, they should go in the future as to men who were capable of discerning both their own interest and the common interest.
§1.91.5τήν τε γὰρ πόλιν ὅτε ἐδόκει ἐκλιπεῖν ἄμεινον εἶναι καὶ ἐς τὰς ναῦς ἐσβῆναι, ἄνευ ἐκείνων ἔφασαν γνόντες τολμῆσαι, καὶ ὅσα αὖ μετ’ ἐκείνων βουλεύεσθαι, οὐδενὸς ὕστεροι γνώμῃ φανῆναι.
For when it seemed better to abandon their city and embark on their ships, they said they had made that bold decision and acted on it without them; and in all matters, on the other hand, which they debated with them, they had shown themselves inferior to none in judgment.
§1.91.6δοκεῖν οὖν σφίσι καὶ νῦν ἄμεινον εἶναι τὴν ἑαυτῶν πόλιν τεῖχος ἔχειν, καὶ ἰδίᾳ τοῖς πολίταις καὶ ἐς τοὺς πάντας ξυμμάχους ὠφελιμώτερον ἔσεσθαι· §1.91.7οὐ γὰρ οἷόν τ’ εἶναι μὴ ἀπὸ ἀντιπάλου παρασκευῆς ὁμοῖόν τι ἢ ἴσον ἐς τὸ κοινὸν βουλεύεσθαι.
They therefore thought that now too it was better for their own city to have a wall, and that this would be more advantageous both for the citizens individually and for all the allies; for it was not possible, unless they started from an equal state of preparation, to deliberate on any equal or fair terms for the common good.
ἢ πάντας οὖν ἀτειχίστους ἔφη χρῆναι ξυμμαχεῖν ἢ καὶ τάδε νομίζειν ὀρθῶς ἔχειν.
Therefore, he said, either all should join the alliance without walls, or they must consider that this present state of affairs was also right.

Notes

  1. 1.91.1οὐκ εἶχον ὅπως χρὴ ἀπιστῆσαι — The verb οὐκ εἶχον (imperfect of ἔχω, 'not to know how') is followed by the indirect deliberative question ὅπως χρὴ ἀπιστῆσαι ('how they should disbelieve'). This construction expresses their perplexity and implies that they had no choice but to believe the reports in the face of accumulating evidence.
  2. 1.91.2οἵτινες χρηστοὶ καὶ πιστῶς ἀναγγελοῦσι σκεψάμενοι — The relative clause introduced by οἵτινες followed by the future indicative ἀναγγελοῦσι (future of ἀγγέλλω) expresses purpose ('who should report'). The aorist participle σκεψάμενοι indicates an action preceding the reporting ('after having inspected').
  3. 1.91.3πρὶν ἂν αὐτοὶ πάλιν κομισθῶσιν — Since the leading clause contains a negative expression (μὴ ἀφεῖναι, 'not to let go'), πρὶν ἄν is used with the subjunctive (here passive aorist third-person plural κομισθῶσιν), meaning 'until they themselves should return'. The pronoun αὐτοί is intensive, referring to Themistocles and his colleagues.
  4. 1.91.4ὡς πρὸς διαγιγνώσκοντας — The combination of ὡς and the participle (present active accusative plural διαγιγνώσκοντας) represents a subjective assumption or attitude ('as to men who can discern'). It sets up the premise under which the Lacedaemonians are expected to approach the Athenians.
  5. 1.91.7μὴ ἀπὸ ἀντιπάλου παρασκευῆς — The negative particle μὴ indicates that this prepositional phrase functions as a conditional clause ('if not starting from an equal state of preparation'). The use of μὴ rather than οὐ reflects this generic conditionality.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §1.91.1-1.91.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.91.1-1.91.7

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