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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §1.74.1-1.74.4

Three Contributions of Athens and Saving of Hellas

Passage 74 of 917 · Greek

Summary

The Athenian envoys argue that in the Persian War, Athens contributed the most critical elements: the largest number of ships, the brilliant general Themistocles, and the utmost daring zeal to fight even after abandoning their city. They emphasize that while Sparta acted out of self-preservation once their own territories were threatened, Athens risked everything from a ruined city to save both themselves and the Peloponnesians.

§1.74.1τοιούτου μέντοι τούτου ξυμβάντος, καὶ σαφῶς δηλωθέντος ὅτι ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων τὰ πράγματα ἐγένετο, τρία τὰ ὠφελιμώτατα ἐς αὐτὸ παρεσχόμεθα, ἀριθμόν τε νεῶν πλεῖστον καὶ ἄνδρα στρατηγὸν ξυνετώτατον καὶ προθυμίαν ἀοκνοτάτην·
Yet, when this came to pass, and it was clearly demonstrated that the fortunes of the Greeks depended on their ships, we contributed to this cause three of the most useful things: the greatest number of ships, the most intelligent general, and the most untiring zeal.
ναῦς μέν γε ἐς τὰς τετρακοσίας ὀλίγῳ ἐλάσσους τῶν δύο μοιρῶν, Θεμιστοκλέα δὲ ἄρχοντα, ὃς αἰτιώτατος ἐν τῷ στενῷ ναυμαχῆσαι ἐγένετο, ὅπερ σαφέστατα ἔσωσε τὰ πράγματα, καὶ αὐτὸν διὰ τοῦτο ὑμεῖς ἐτιμήσατε μάλιστα δὴ ἄνδρα ξένον τῶν ὡς ὑμᾶς ἐλθόντων·
Indeed, we provided ships amounting to a little less than two-thirds of the four hundred, and Themistocles as commander, who was the chief cause of our fighting in the strait—the very thing which most clearly saved the situation—and for this reason you yourselves honored him more than any foreign visitor who has ever come to you.
§1.74.2προθυμίαν δὲ καὶ πολὺ τολμηροτάτην ἐδείξαμεν, οἵ γε, ἐπειδὴ ἡμῖν κατὰ γῆν οὐδεὶς ἐβοήθει, τῶν ἄλλων ἤδη μέχρι ἡμῶν δουλευόντων ἠξιώσαμεν ἐκλιπόντες τὴν πόλιν καὶ τὰ οἰκεῖα διαφθείραντες μηδ’ ὣς τὸ τῶν περιλοίπων ξυμμάχων κοινὸν προλιπεῖν μηδὲ σκεδασθέντες ἀχρεῖοι αὐτοῖς γενέσθαι, ἀλλ’ ἐσβάντες ἐς τὰς ναῦς κινδυνεῦσαι καὶ μὴ ὀργισθῆναι ὅτι ἡμῖν οὐ προυτιμωρήσατε.
And we displayed a zeal by far the most daring; for when no one came to help us on land, and all the others up to our borders were already enslaved, we resolved, even in leaving our city and destroying our own property, not even so to desert the common cause of the remaining allies, nor by dispersing to become useless to them, but to embark on our ships and face the danger, and not to be angry because you had not previously come to our defense.
§1.74.3ὥστε φαμὲν οὐχ ἧσσον αὐτοὶ ὠφελῆσαι ὑμᾶς ἢ τυχεῖν τούτου.
Therefore we assert that we benefited you no less than we received benefit from you.
ὑμεῖς μὲν γὰρ ἀπό τε οἰκουμένων τῶν πόλεων καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ τὸ λοιπὸν νέμεσθαι, ἐπειδὴ ἐδείσατε ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν καὶ οὐχ ἡμῶν τὸ πλέον, ἐβοηθήσατε (ὅτε γοῦν ἦμεν ἔτι σῶοι, οὐ παρεγένεσθε)· ἡμεῖς δὲ ἀπό τε τῆς οὐκ οὔσης ἔτι ὁρμώμενοι καὶ ὑπὲρ τῆς ἐν βραχείᾳ ἐλπίδι οὔσης κινδυνεύοντες ξυνεσώσαμεν ὑμᾶς τε τὸ μέρος καὶ ἡμᾶς αὐτούς.
For you indeed came to help us, setting out from cities that were still inhabited and for the purpose of enjoying them in the future, since you feared for yourselves and not so much for us (at any rate, when we were still safe, you did not appear); but we, starting from a city that was no longer in existence and risking ourselves for one that had only a slender hope, saved both you in your turn and ourselves.
§1.74.4εἰ δὲ προσεχωρήσαμεν πρότερον τῷ Μήδῳ δείσαντες, ὥσπερ καὶ ἄλλοι, περὶ τῇ χώρᾳ, ἢ μὴ ἐτολμήσαμεν ὕστερον ἐσβῆναι ἐς τὰς ναῦς ὡς διεφθαρμένοι, οὐδὲν ἂν ἔδει ἔτι ὑμᾶς μὴ ἔχοντας ναῦς ἱκανὰς ναυμαχεῖν,ἀλλὰ καθ’ ἡσυχίαν ἂν αὐτῷ προυχώρησε τὰ πράγματα ᾗ ἐβούλετο.
And if we had previously submitted to the Persian out of fear for our territory, as others did, or if we had not dared later to embark on our ships, considering ourselves already ruined, there would have been no further need for you to fight a sea-fight, since you did not have sufficient ships, but his affairs would have proceeded quietly just as he wished.

Notes

  1. 1.74.1τοιούτου μέντοι τούτου ξυμβάντος — Genitive absolute construction. The neuter pronoun `τούτου`, referring to the preceding battle of Salamis and its outcome, acts as the subject. The following `καὶ σαφῶς δηλωθέντος` is also a genitive absolute, which introduces the `ὅτι` clause ("that the fortunes of the Greeks depended on their ships") as its subject/complement.
  2. 1.74.1ἐς τὰς τετρακοσίας ὀλίγῳ ἐλάσσους τῶν δύο μοιρῶν — Expression of quantity. The preposition `ἐς` means "up to" or "about". The total number of allied ships is set at "about four hundred," and the Athenian contribution is described as "a little" (`ὀλίγῳ`, dative of degree of difference) "less than two-thirds" (about 267 ships) of that total.
  3. 1.74.2οἵ γε — The relative pronoun `οἵ` combined with the particle `γε` introduces a causal or characterising clause ("we who indeed...", "since we..."). The antecedent is the first-person plural subject of `ἐδείξαμεν` (the Athenians), and the main verb within the relative clause, `ἠξιώσαμεν`, is also in the first-person plural.
  4. 1.74.3τυχεῖν τούτου — The infinitive `τυχεῖν` is coordinate with `ὠφελῆσαι` and governed by the comparison `οὐχ ἧσσον... ἤ` ("no less... than"). `τούτου` is the genitive object of `τυγχάνω` ("to obtain, receive"), referring to the assistance or benefit that Athens received from Sparta.
  5. 1.74.4οὐδὲν ἂν ἔδει — The apodosis of a past contrary-to-fact condition. The impersonal verb `ἔδει` with the particle `ἂν` expresses "there would have been no need (or it would have been impossible)". The participle `μὴ ἔχοντας` modifies `ὑμᾶς` (the subject of the infinitive `ναυμαχεῖν`) and has a conditional force ("since you would not have had...").

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §1.74.1-1.74.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.74.1-1.74.4

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