Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §1.74.1-1.74.4
Three Contributions of Athens and Saving of Hellas
Summary
The Athenian envoys argue that in the Persian War, Athens contributed the most critical elements: the largest number of ships, the brilliant general Themistocles, and the utmost daring zeal to fight even after abandoning their city. They emphasize that while Sparta acted out of self-preservation once their own territories were threatened, Athens risked everything from a ruined city to save both themselves and the Peloponnesians.
Notes
- 1.74.1τοιούτου μέντοι τούτου ξυμβάντος — Genitive absolute construction. The neuter pronoun `τούτου`, referring to the preceding battle of Salamis and its outcome, acts as the subject. The following `καὶ σαφῶς δηλωθέντος` is also a genitive absolute, which introduces the `ὅτι` clause ("that the fortunes of the Greeks depended on their ships") as its subject/complement.
- 1.74.1ἐς τὰς τετρακοσίας ὀλίγῳ ἐλάσσους τῶν δύο μοιρῶν — Expression of quantity. The preposition `ἐς` means "up to" or "about". The total number of allied ships is set at "about four hundred," and the Athenian contribution is described as "a little" (`ὀλίγῳ`, dative of degree of difference) "less than two-thirds" (about 267 ships) of that total.
- 1.74.2οἵ γε — The relative pronoun `οἵ` combined with the particle `γε` introduces a causal or characterising clause ("we who indeed...", "since we..."). The antecedent is the first-person plural subject of `ἐδείξαμεν` (the Athenians), and the main verb within the relative clause, `ἠξιώσαμεν`, is also in the first-person plural.
- 1.74.3τυχεῖν τούτου — The infinitive `τυχεῖν` is coordinate with `ὠφελῆσαι` and governed by the comparison `οὐχ ἧσσον... ἤ` ("no less... than"). `τούτου` is the genitive object of `τυγχάνω` ("to obtain, receive"), referring to the assistance or benefit that Athens received from Sparta.
- 1.74.4οὐδὲν ἂν ἔδει — The apodosis of a past contrary-to-fact condition. The impersonal verb `ἔδει` with the particle `ἂν` expresses "there would have been no need (or it would have been impossible)". The participle `μὴ ἔχοντας` modifies `ὑμᾶς` (the subject of the infinitive `ναυμαχεῖν`) and has a conditional force ("since you would not have had...").
Cite this passage
Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §1.74.1-1.74.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.74.1-1.74.4
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