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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §1.32.1-1.32.5

Speech of the Corcyraean Envoys on Neutrality

Passage 32 of 917 · Greek

Summary

At the Athenian assembly, the Corcyraean envoys begin their speech, explaining why their traditional policy of neutrality has now put them at a disadvantage, and justifying their request for an alliance.

§1.32.1‘Δίκαιον, ὦ Ἀθηναῖοι, τοὺς μήτε εὐεργεσίας μεγάλης μήτε ξυμμαχίας προυφειλομένης ἥκοντας παρὰ τοὺς πέλας ἐπικουρίας, ὥσπερ καὶ ἡμεῖς νῦν, δεησομένους ἀναδιδάξαι πρῶτον, μάλιστα μὲν ὡς καὶ ξύμφορα δέονται, εἰ δὲ μή, ὅτι γε οὐκ ἐπιζήμια, ἔπειτα δὲ ὡς καὶ τὴν χάριν βέβαιον ἕξουσιν·
'It is just, Athenians, that those who come to their neighbors to ask for assistance—having neither any great service nor any pre-existing alliance to claim, just as we do now—should first of all make it clear, preferably that they are asking for what is advantageous, or if not that, at least that it is not harmful, and further that they will keep their gratitude secure.
εἰ δὲ τούτων μηδὲν σαφὲς καταστήσουσι, μὴ ὀργίζεσθαι ἢν ἀτυχῶσιν.
If they establish none of these things clearly, they should not be angry if they fail.
§1.32.2Κερκυραῖοι δὲ μετὰ τῆς ξυμμαχίας τῆς αἰτήσεως καὶ ταῦτα πιστεύοντες ἐχυρὰ ὑμῖν παρέξεσθαι ἀπέστειλαν ἡμᾶς.
The Corcyraeans have sent us in the belief that, along with their request for alliance, they will provide these guarantees securely to you.
§1.32.3τετύχηκε δὲ τὸ αὐτὸ ἐπιτήδευμα πρός τε ὑμᾶς ἐς τὴν χρείαν ἡμῖν ἄλογον καὶ ἐς τὰ ἡμέτερα αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ παρόντι ἀξύμφορον.
But it has turned out that the very same policy has, unreasonably, proved to be a disadvantage to us in our request to you, and at the present time unprofitable for our own affairs.
§1.32.4ξύμμαχοί τε γὰρ οὐδενός πω ἐν τῷ πρὸ τοῦ χρόνῳ ἑκούσιοι γενόμενοι νῦν ἄλλων τοῦτο δεησόμενοι ἥκομεν, καὶ ἅμα ἐς τὸν παρόντα πόλεμον Κορινθίων ἐρῆμοι δι’ αὐτὸ καθέσταμεν.
For having never in the past voluntarily become allies of anyone, we have now come to ask this of others, and at the same time, because of this very policy, we have been left destitute of allies in the present war against the Corinthians.
καὶ περιέστηκεν ἡ δοκοῦσα ἡμῶν πρότερον σωφροσύνη, τὸ μὴ ἐν ἀλλοτρίᾳ ξυμμαχίᾳ τῇ τοῦ πέλας γνώμῃ ξυγκινδυνεύειν, νῦν ἀβουλία καὶ ἀσθένεια φαινομένη.
And what previously seemed to be our prudence—namely, not to share in the dangers of others by joining a foreign alliance at the judgment of our neighbors—has now turned out to be folly and weakness.
§1.32.5τὴν μὲν οὖν γενομένην ναυμαχίαν αὐτοὶ κατὰ μόνας ἀπεωσάμεθα Κορινθίους· ἐπειδὴ δὲ μείζονι παρασκευῇ ἀπὸ Πελοποννήσου καὶ τῆς ἄλλης Ἑλλάδος ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς ὥρμηνται καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀδύνατοι ὁρῶμεν ὄντες τῇ οἰκείᾳ μόνον δυνάμει περιγενέσθαι, καὶ ἅμα μέγας ὁ κίνδυνος εἰ ἐσόμεθα ὑπ’ αὐτοῖς, ἀνάγκη καὶ ὑμῶν καὶ ἄλλου παντὸς ἐπικουρίας δεῖσθαι, καὶ ξυγγνώμη εἰ μὴ μετὰ κακίας, δόξης δὲ μᾶλλον ἁμαρτίᾳ τῇ πρότερον ἀπραγμοσύνῃ ἐναντία τολμῶμεν.
Now, in the naval battle that took place, we by ourselves repulsed the Corinthians; but since they have set out against us with a greater preparation from the Peloponnese and the rest of Greece, and we see that we are unable to prevail by our own power alone, and at the same time the danger is great if we fall under their power, it is necessary to ask for assistance both from you and from everyone else, and we should be forgiven if we venture on what is contrary to our former inactivity, not from malice, but rather from an error of judgment.'

Notes

  1. 1.32.1τοὺς μήτε εὐεργεσίας μεγάλης μήτε ξυμμαχίας προυφειλομένης ἥκοντας — The participle ἥκοντας implies a sense of lack or absence ('arriving without having...'), thereby governing the genitives εὐεργεσίας and ξυμμαχίας. The participle προυφειλομένης ('previously owed') grammatically agrees with the latter noun ξυμμαχίας in gender, number, and case, but semantically modifies εὐεργεσίας as well.
  2. 1.32.3τετύχηκε δὲ τὸ αὐτὸ ἐπιτήδευμα ... ἄλογον — The verb τετύχηκε (perfect of τυγχάνω, 'happen to be') is used here with the omission of the participle ὄν (being), taking the adjectives ἄλογον and ἀξύμφορον directly as predicative complements. The subject is τὸ αὐτὸ ἐπιτήδευμα.
  3. 1.32.4τὸ μὴ ἐν ἀλλοτρίᾳ ξυμμαχίᾳ τῇ τοῦ πέλας γνώμῃ ξυγκινδυνεύειν — The articular infinitive clause (tó + infinitive) stands in apposition to the subject of the main clause, ἡ δοκοῦσα ἡμῶν πρότερον σωφροσύνη ('our previous seeming prudence'), explaining the concrete content of that 'prudence'.
  4. 1.32.5δόξης δὲ μᾶλλον ἁμαρτίᾳ — The dative ἁμαρτίᾳ expresses cause or means ('by an error of...'). The genitive δόξης is an objective genitive dependent on ἁμαρτίᾳ ('an error in judgment').

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §1.32.1-1.32.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.32.1-1.32.5

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