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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §1.143.1-1.143.5

Focus on Sea Power and Acting Like Islanders

Passage 143 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Pericles argues that even if the enemy tries to hire away their foreign sailors using sacred funds, Athens can counter this by manning the ships with citizens; he urges them to think like islanders, abandon their land and houses, and focus entirely on guarding the sea and the city.

§1.143.1‘εἴ τε καὶ κινήσαντες τῶν Ὀλυμπίασιν ἢ Δελφοῖς χρημάτων μισθῷ μείζονι πειρῷντο ἡμῶν ὑπολαβεῖν τοὺς ξένους τῶν ναυτῶν, μὴ ὄντων μὲν ἡμῶν ἀντιπάλων ἐσβάντων αὐτῶν τε καὶ τῶν μετοίκων δεινὸν ἂν ἦν· νῦν δὲ τόδε τε ὑπάρχει, καί, ὅπερ κράτιστον, κυβερνήτας ἔχομεν πολίτας καὶ τὴν ἄλλην ὑπηρεσίαν πλείους καὶ ἀμείνους ἢ ἅπασα ἡ ἄλλη Ἑλλάς.
'And if they should even try to draw away our foreign seamen by offering higher pay, using money taken from Olympia or Delphi, it would indeed be serious if we were not a match for them when we ourselves and our resident aliens embarked; but as it is, this resource is open to us, and, what is most important, we have citizens for helmsmen and more and better crews than all the rest of Greece.
§1.143.2καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ κινδύνῳ οὐδεὶς ἂν δέξαιτο τῶν ξένων τήν τε αὑτοῦ φεύγειν καὶ μετὰ τῆς ἥσσονος ἅμα ἐλπίδος ὀλίγων ἡμερῶν ἕνεκα μεγάλου μισθοῦ δόσεως ἐκείνοις ξυναγωνίζεσθαι.
And in the face of the danger, no one of the foreigners would choose to flee from his own country and, at the same time, with a poorer hope of success, fight on their side for the sake of a few days' high pay.
§1.143.3‘καὶ τὰ μὲν Πελοποννησίων ἔμοιγε τοιαῦτα καὶ παραπλήσια δοκεῖ εἶναι, τὰ δὲ ἡμέτερα τούτων τε ὧνπερ ἐκείνοις ἐμεμψάμην ἀπηλλάχθαι καὶ ἄλλα οὐκ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἴσου μεγάλα ἔχειν.
'Such, or nearly such, is the condition of the Peloponnesians, as it seems to me; while our own position is free from those very defects which I have found in theirs, and has other great advantages which are not on an equal footing.
§1.143.4ἤν τε ἐπὶ τὴν χώραν ἡμῶν πεζῇ ἴωσιν, ἡμεῖς ἐπὶ τὴν ἐκείνων πλευσούμεθα, καὶ οὐκέτι ἐκ τοῦ ὁμοίου ἔσται Πελοποννήσου τε μέρος τι τμηθῆναι καὶ τὴν Ἀττικὴν ἅπασαν·
And if they march by land against our territory, we shall sail against theirs; and it will no longer be an equal matter for some part of the Peloponnese to be ravaged and for the whole of Attica to be laid waste.
οἱ μὲν γὰρ οὐχ ἕξουσιν ἄλλην ἀντιλαβεῖν ἀμαχεί,ἡμῖν δ’ ἐστὶ γῆ πολλὴ καὶ ἐν νήσοις καὶ κατ᾽ ἤπειρον·
For they will have no other land to take in its place without a fight, while we have plenty of land both in the islands and on the continent.
§1.143.5μέγα γὰρ τὸ τῆς θαλάσσης κράτος.
For great is the power of the sea.
σκέψασθε δέ· εἰ γὰρ ἦμεν νησιῶται, τίνες ἂν ἀληπτότεροι ἦσαν;
Consider: if we were islanders, who would be more impregnable?
καὶ νῦν χρὴ ὅτι ἐγγύτατα τούτου διανοηθέντας τὴν μὲν γῆν καὶ οἰκίας ἀφεῖναι, τῆς δὲ θαλάσσης καὶ πόλεως φυλακὴν ἔχειν, καὶ Πελοποννησίοις ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν ὀργισθέντας πολλῷ πλέοσι μὴ διαμάχεσθαι (κρατήσαντές τε γὰρ αὖθις οὐκ ἐλάσσοσι μαχούμεθα καὶ ἢν σφαλῶμεν, τὰ τῶν ξυμμάχων, ὅθεν ἰσχύομεν, προσαπόλλυται· οὐ γὰρ ἡσυχάσουσι μὴ ἱκανῶν ἡμῶν ὄντων ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς στρατεύειν), τήν τε ὀλόφυρσιν μὴ οἰκιῶν καὶ γῆς ποιεῖσθαι, ἀλλὰ τῶν σωμάτων·
And now, we must think as nearly as possible like islanders, abandon our land and houses, and keep guard over the sea and the city, and we must not, out of anger over them, join battle with the far more numerous Peloponnesians (for if we win, we shall have to fight again with no fewer of them, and if we fail, the resources of our allies, which are our strength, are lost besides; for they will not remain quiet if we are not strong enough to march against them); and we must make our lamentation not for houses and land, but for human lives.
οὐ γὰρ τάδε τοὺς ἄνδρας, ἀλλ’ οἱ ἄνδρες ταῦτα κτῶνται.
For these things do not acquire men, but men acquire these things.
καὶ εἰ ᾤμην πείσειν ὑμᾶς, αὐτοὺς ἂν ἐξελθόντας ἐκέλευον αὐτὰ δῃῶσαι καὶ δεῖξαι Πελοποννησίοις ὅτι τούτων γε ἕνεκα οὐχ ὑπακούσεσθε.
And if I thought I could persuade you, I would bid you go out yourselves and lay them waste, and show the Peloponnesians that you will not submit for the sake of these things.'

Notes

  1. 1.143.1μὴ ὄντων μὲν ἡμῶν ἀντιπάλων ἐσβάντων αὐτῶν τε καὶ τῶν μετοίκων δεινὸν ἂν ἦν — μὴ ὄντων ... ἀντιπάλων is a genitive absolute expressing a condition ('if we were not a match for them'), which corresponds to the unreal apodosis δεινὸν ἂν ἦν ('it would have been serious'). ἐσβάντων αὐτῶν τε καὶ τῶν μετοίκων is a genitive participle construction ('when we ourselves and the resident aliens embarked') modifying the subject of the genitive absolute.
  2. 1.143.2τήν τε αὑτοῦ φεύγειν — The article τήν is feminine singular accusative, with a noun like γῆν or πόλιν omitted, meaning 'one's own country.' It functions as the object of the infinitive φεύγειν ('to flee from' or 'be exiled from').
  3. 1.143.3τούτων τε ὧνπερ ἐκείνοις ἐμεμψάμην ἀπηλλάχθαι — ἀπηλλάχθαι is a perfect middle/passive infinitive, with τὰ δὲ ἡμέτερα ('our position') as its subject. τούτων is a genitive of separation governed by ἀπηλλάχθαι. The relative pronoun ὧνπερ is attracted to the genitive of its antecedent τούτων from its original accusative object position under ἐμεμψάμην.
  4. 1.143.5καὶ νῦν χρὴ ὅτι ἐγγύτατα τούτου διανοηθέντας — ὅτι ἐγγύτατα is a superlative adverbial construction meaning 'as near as possible,' governing the genitive τούτου (referring to being islanders). The participle διανοηθέντας is in the accusative plural, agreeing with the implied accusative subject of the impersonal verb χρή.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §1.143.1-1.143.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.143.1-1.143.5

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