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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §1.120.1-1.120.5

Corinthian Justification of War and Warning to Allies

Passage 120 of 917 · Greek

Summary

The Corinthian envoys praise Sparta's leadership and warn inland allies that abandoning the coast will eventually endanger them, arguing that they must not hesitate to go to war when wronged.

§1.120.1‘τοὺς μὲν Λακεδαιμονίους, ὦ ἄνδρες ξύμμαχοι, οὐκ ἂν ἔτι αἰτιασαίμεθα ὡς οὐ καὶ αὐτοὶ ἐψηφισμένοι τὸν πόλεμόν εἰσι καὶ ἡμᾶς ἐς τοῦτο νῦν ξυνήγαγον.
'We could no longer find fault with the Lacedaemonians, allies, on the ground that they themselves have not voted for war and have now gathered us for this purpose.
χρὴ γὰρ τοὺς ἡγεμόνας τὰ ἴδια ἐξ ἴσου νέμοντας τὰ κοινὰ προσκοπεῖν, ὥσπερ καὶ ἐν ἄλλοις ἐκ πάντων προτιμῶνται.
For it is necessary that leaders, while managing their private affairs on an equal footing, should look after the common interests, just as they are also preferred above all others in other respects.
§1.120.2ἡμῶν δὲ ὅσοι μὲν Ἀθηναίοις ἤδη ἐνηλλάγησαν οὐχὶ διδαχῆς δέονται ὥστε φυλάξασθαι αὐτούς· τοὺς δὲ τὴν μεσόγειαν μᾶλλον καὶ μὴ ἐν πόρῳ κατῳκημένους εἰδέναι χρὴ ὅτι, τοῖς κάτω ἢν μὴ ἀμύνωσι, χαλεπωτέραν ἕξουσι τὴν κατακομιδὴν τῶν ὡραίων καὶ πάλιν ἀντίληψιν ὧν ἡ θάλασσα τῇ ἠπείρῳ δίδωσι, καὶ τῶν νῦν λεγομένων μὴ κακοὺς κριτὰς ὡς μὴ προσηκόντων εἶναι, προσδέχεσθαι δέ ποτε, εἰ τὰ κάτω πρόοιντο, κἂν μέχρι σφῶν τὸ δεινὸν προελθεῖν, καὶ περὶ αὑτῶν οὐχ ἧσσον νῦν βουλεύεσθαι.
And those of us who have already had dealings with the Athenians do not need instruction so as to beware of them; but those who inhabit the interior rather and not on a shipping route ought to know that, if they do not help those on the coast, they will find the bringing down of their seasonal produce more difficult, as well as the reciprocal acquisition of what the sea gives to the mainland, and that they should not be bad judges of what is now being said, as though it did not concern them, but should expect that, if they should abandon the coast, the danger might eventually advance even to themselves, and that they are now deliberating no less about themselves.
§1.120.3δι’ ὅπερ καὶ μὴ ὀκνεῖν δεῖ αὐτοὺς τὸν πόλεμον ἀντ’ εἰρήνης μεταλαμβάνειν.
For which reason also they must not hesitate to take up war instead of peace.
ἀνδρῶν γὰρ σωφρόνων μέν ἐστιν, εἰ μὴ ἀδικοῖντο, ἡσυχάζειν, ἀγαθῶν δὲ ἀδικουμένους ἐκ μὲν εἰρήνης πολεμεῖν, εὖ δὲ παρασχὸν ἐκ πολέμου πάλιν ξυμβῆναι, καὶ μήτε τῇ κατὰ πόλεμον εὐτυχίᾳ ἐπαίρεσθαι μήτε τῷ ἡσύχῳ τῆς εἰρήνης ἡδόμενον ἀδικεῖσθαι.
For it is the part of prudent men to remain quiet if they are not wronged, but of brave men, when they are wronged, to go to war from peace, and, when a good opportunity offers, to come to terms again from war, and neither to be elated by success in war, nor, being pleased with the quietness of peace, to suffer wrong.
§1.120.4ὅ τε γὰρ διὰ τὴν ἡδονὴν ὀκνῶν τάχιστ’ ἂν ἀφαιρεθείη τῆς ῥᾳστώνης τὸ τερπνὸν δι’ ὅπερ ὀκνεῖ, εἰ ἡσυχάζοι, ὅ τε ἐν πολέμῳ εὐτυχίᾳ πλεονάζων οὐκ ἐντεθύμηται θράσει ἀπίστῳ ἐπαιρόμενος.
For he who hesitates because of pleasure would most quickly be deprived of the delight of that ease for which he hesitates, if he should remain quiet; and he who in war presumes too much on success has not reflected that he is elated by a confidence that cannot be trusted.
§1.120.5πολλὰ γὰρ κακῶς γνωσθέντα ἀβουλοτέρων τῶν ἐναντίων τυχόντα κατωρθώθη, καὶ ἔτι πλείω καλῶς δοκοῦντα βουλευθῆναι ἐς τοὐναντίον αἰσχρῶς περιέστη·
For many things that were badly planned have succeeded because they met with opponents who were even more ill-advised, and still more things which seemed to be well planned have turned out shamefully to the contrary.
ἐνθυμεῖται γὰρ οὐδεὶς ὁμοῖα τῇ πίστει καὶ ἔργῳ ἐπεξέρχεται, ἀλλὰ μετ’ ἀσφαλείας μὲν δοξάζομεν, μετὰ δέους δὲ ἐν τῷ ἔργῳ ἐλλείπομεν.
For no one conceives projects with the same confidence with which he carries them out in action; but we form opinions in security, while we fall short in action through fear.'

Notes

  1. 1.120.1τὰ ἴδια ἐξ ἴσου νέμοντας — The participle νέμοντας agrees with τοὺς ἡγεμόνας, the subject of the accusative-and-infinitive construction. It describes the duty of leaders to manage private interests on an equal footing, avoiding personal bias.
  2. 1.120.2καὶ τῶν νῦν λεγομένων μὴ κακοὺς κριτὰς ὡς μὴ προσηκόντων εἶναι — The infinitive εἶναι is governed by the preceding χρὴ. τῶν νῦν λεγομένων is a genitive of object/reference dependent on κριτάς. ὡς μὴ προσηκόντων is a genitive absolute expressing subjective reason, meaning 'as though it did not concern them'.
  3. 1.120.3εὖ δὲ παρασχὸν — An accusative absolute of the impersonal verb παρέχει, expressing a condition: 'when a good opportunity presents itself'.
  4. 1.120.4οὐκ ἐντεθύμηται θράσει ἀπίστῳ ἐπαιρόμενος — The participle ἐπαιρόμενος is a supplementary participle with ἐντεθύμηται, agreeing with the nominative subject. It means 'he does not realize that he is elated by an untrustworthy confidence'.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §1.120.1-1.120.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.120.1-1.120.5

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