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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §1.102.1-1.102.4

Dismissal of Athenian Troops and Rupture of Alliance

Passage 102 of 917 · Greek

Summary

The Lacedaemonians, facing a prolonged siege against the rebels in Ithome, summoned Athenian aid, but soon sent them back alone out of fear of their daring nature and alien origin. Indignant at this treatment, the Athenians renounced their alliance with Sparta and allied with Argos and Thessaly.

§1.102.1Λακεδαιμόνιοι δέ, ὡς αὐτοῖς πρὸς τοὺς ἐν Ἰθώμῃ ἐμηκύνετο ὁ πόλεμος, ἄλλους τε ἐπεκαλέσαντο ξυμμάχους καὶ Ἀθηναίους· οἱ δ’ ἦλθον Κίμωνος στρατηγοῦντος πλήθει οὐκ ὀλίγῳ.
But the Lacedaemonians, as the war against those in Ithome was prolonged for them, summoned other allies and also the Athenians; and they came with no small force under the command of Cimon.
§1.102.2μάλιστα δ’ αὐτοὺς ἐπεκαλέσαντο ὅτι τειχομαχεῖν ἐδόκουν δυνατοὶ εἶναι, τοῖς δὲ πολιορκίας μακρᾶς καθεστηκυίας τούτου ἐνδεᾶ ἐφαίνετο· βίᾳ γὰρ ἂν εἷλον τὸ χωρίον.
They summoned them especially because they seemed to be skilled in assaulting walls, whereas to themselves, since a long siege had been established, there appeared to be a lack of this; for [otherwise] they would have taken the place by force.
§1.102.3καὶ διαφορὰ ἐκ ταύτης τῆς στρατείας πρῶτον Λακεδαιμονίοις καὶ Ἀθηναίοις φανερὰ ἐγένετο.
And from this expedition, a disagreement first became manifest between the Lacedaemonians and the Athenians.
οἱ γὰρ Λακεδαιμόνιοι, ἐπειδὴ τὸ χωρίον βίᾳ οὐχ ἡλίσκετο, δείσαντες τῶν Ἀθηναίων τὸ τολμηρὸν καὶ τὴν νεωτεροποιίαν, καὶ ἀλλοφύλους ἅμα ἡγησάμενοι, μή τι, ἢν παραμείνωσιν, ὑπὸ τῶν ἐν Ἰθώμῃ πεισθέντες νεωτερίσωσι, μόνους τῶν ξυμμάχων ἀπέπεμψαν, τὴν μὲν ὑποψίαν οὐ δηλοῦντες, εἰπόντες δὲ ὅτι οὐδὲν προσδέονται αὐτῶν ἔτι.
For the Lacedaemonians, since the place was not being taken by force, fearing the daring and revolutionary character of the Athenians, and at the same time considering them to be of a different race, lest, if they remained, they might be persuaded by those in Ithome and attempt some revolution, sent them away alone of the allies, not disclosing their suspicion, but saying that they had no further need of them.
§1.102.4οἱ δ’ Ἀθηναῖοι ἔγνωσαν οὐκ ἐπὶ τῷ βελτίονι λόγῳ ἀποπεμπόμενοι, ἀλλά τινος ὑπόπτου γενομένου, καὶ δεινὸν ποιησάμενοι καὶ οὐκ ἀξιώσαντες ὑπὸ Λακεδαιμονίων τοῦτο παθεῖν, εὐθὺς ἐπειδὴ ἀνεχώρησαν, ἀφέντες τὴν γενομένην ἐπὶ τῷ Μήδῳ ξυμμαχίαν πρὸς αὐτοὺς Ἀργείοις τοῖς ἐκείνων πολεμίοις ξύμμαχοι ἐγένοντο, καὶ πρὸς Θεσσαλοὺς ἅμα ἀμφοτέροις οἱ αὐτοὶ ὅρκοι καὶ ξυμμαχία κατέστη.
But the Athenians recognized that they were being sent away not for the better reason, but because some suspicion had arisen; and taking it hard and not thinking they deserved to suffer this treatment from the Lacedaemonians, immediately upon their return, they renounced the alliance made with them against the Mede and became allies with the Argives, the enemies of the Lacedaemonians, and at the same time the same oaths and alliance were established for both of them with the Thessalians.

Notes

  1. 1.102.2ἂν εἷλον — The aorist indicative εἷλον combined with the particle ἄν expresses a past counterfactual (unreal) condition, with the protasis implied from the context (e.g., 'if they had had this skill').
  2. 1.102.3μή τι ... νεωτερίσωσι — A fear clause using the subjunctive after verbs of fearing (here the participles δείσαντες and ἡγησάμενοι). Although the main verb is in the past tense (ἀπέπεμψαν), which would normally trigger the optative, the subjunctive is retained for vividness (repraesentatio).
  3. 1.102.4ἀποπεμπόμενοι — A participial complement after the verb of knowing (ἔγνωσαν). Since the subject of the participle is the same as that of the main verb (the Athenians), it stands in the nominative plural, functioning in indirect discourse to mean 'they recognized that they were being sent away'.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §1.102.1-1.102.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.102.1-1.102.4

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