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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §1.1.1-1.1.3

Beginning of the History and Magnitude of the War

Passage 1 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Thucydides states that he began writing his history at the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War, anticipating that it would be the greatest conflict in history, surpassing all previous events.

§1.1.1Θουκυδίδης Ἀθηναῖος ξυνέγραψε τὸν πόλεμον τῶν Πελοποννησίων καὶ Ἀθηναίων, ὡς ἐπολέμησαν πρὸς ἀλλήλους, ἀρξάμενος εὐθὺς καθισταμένου καὶ ἐλπίσας μέγαν τε ἔσεσθαι καὶ ἀξιολογώτατον τῶν προγεγενημένων, τεκμαιρόμενος ὅτι ἀκμάζοντές τε ᾖσαν ἐς αὐτὸν ἀμφότεροι παρασκευῇ τῇ πάσῃ καὶ τὸ ἄλλο Ἑλληνικὸν ὁρῶν ξυνιστάμενον πρὸς ἑκατέρους, τὸ μὲν εὐθύς, τὸ δὲ καὶ διανοούμενον.
Thucydides, an Athenian, wrote the history of the war between the Peloponnesians and the Athenians, how they warred against one another, beginning to write as soon as it broke out, and expecting that it would be a great war and the most worthy of relation of all that had preceded it. He inferred this from the fact that both parties were at their full height of preparation in all respects, and because he saw the rest of the Hellenic world aligning itself with one side or the other, some immediately, others also in contemplation.
§1.1.2κίνησις γὰρ αὕτη μεγίστη δὴ τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἐγένετο καὶ μέρει τινὶ τῶν βαρβάρων, ὡς δὲ εἰπεῖν καὶ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἀνθρώπων.
For this was the greatest movement that had yet affected the Hellenes, and some part of the barbarians, and, so to speak, even the greatest part of mankind.
§1.1.3τὰ γὰρ πρὸ αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ ἔτι παλαίτερα σαφῶς μὲν εὑρεῖν διὰ χρόνου πλῆθος ἀδύνατα ἦν, ἐκ δὲ τεκμηρίων ὧν ἐπὶ μακρότατον σκοποῦντί μοι πιστεῦσαι ξυμβαίνει οὐ μεγάλα νομίζω γενέσθαι οὔτε κατὰ τοὺς πολέμους οὔτε ἐς τὰ ἄλλα.
For as to the events before these, and those still more ancient, it was impossible to find out clearly because of the lapse of time; yet, from the evidences which, on looking back as far as possible, I find myself led to trust, I do not think they were great, either as regards their wars or in other respects.

Notes

  1. §1.1.1καθισταμένου — A present medio-passive participle in the genitive case, forming a genitive absolute without an expressed subject. The noun 'war' (τοῦ πολέμου) is understood from the context as the subject, meaning 'as soon as the war broke out'.
  2. §1.1.1τὸ μὲν εὐθύς, τὸ δὲ καὶ διανοούμενον — The neuter accusative pronouns 'τὸ μέν ... τὸ δέ ...' are used adverbially, or stand in apposition to 'τὸ ἄλλο Ἑλληνικόν', explaining the manner of alignment: 'partly immediately, partly also in contemplation'.
  3. §1.1.2ὡς δὲ εἰπεῖν — An absolute infinitive construction meaning 'so to speak' or 'practically', used to qualify or soften a broad assertion.
  4. §1.1.3ὧν — An example of relative attraction (case attraction). The relative pronoun, which would regularly be in the dative case ('οἷς') as governed by the infinitive 'πιστεῦσαι', is attracted into the genitive ('ὧν') by its antecedent 'τεκμηρίων'.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §1.1.1-1.1.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.1.1-1.1.3

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