[ULPIANUS libro quinto opinionum. ] §5.1.81.prQui neque iurisdictioni praeest neque a principe potestate aliqua praeditus est neque ab eo qui ius dandorum iudicum habet datus est nec ex compromisso sumptus uel ex aliqua lege confirmatus est, iudex esse non potuit.
[ULPIANUS, in the Fifth Book of Opinions.] A person who neither presides over jurisdiction, nor has been endowed with any power by the princeps, nor has been appointed by one who has the right of assigning judges, nor has been chosen by arbitration, or confirmed by some law, could not be a judge.