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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §48.10.25.pr

Action in Factum for Forging Praetorian Documents

Passage 8291 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

This text states that anyone who delivers false letters or posts a false edict in the name of the praetor is liable to a civil penal actio in factum based on the circumstances, even if they are subject to criminal prosecution under the Lex Cornelia.

[ULPIANUS libro septimo ad edictum. ] §48.10.25.prQui nomine praetoris litteras falsas reddidisse edictumue falsum proposuisse dicetur, ex causa actione in factum poenali tenetur, quamquam lege Cornelia reus sit.
[ULPIAN, Edict, Book 7.] Whoever is alleged to have delivered false letters in the name of the praetor or to have posted a false edict is liable, according to the circumstances, to a penal actio in factum, although he may be a defendant under the Lex Cornelia.

Notes

  1. §48.10.25.prQui — A relative pronoun with an implied antecedent (such as is or aliquis), serving as the subject of the main verb tenetur. It introduces a general hypothetical subject: 'whoever...'
  2. §48.10.25.prex causa — A legal phrase meaning 'after an investigation of the case' or 'according to the circumstances', indicating that the granting of the action depends on judicial discretion and the specific facts of the individual case.
  3. §48.10.25.prquamquam ... reus sit — The conjunction quamquam is construed with the subjunctive sit to form a concessive clause (typical of later legal Latin, or indicating a hypothetical concession). This demonstrates the concurrence of public and private remedies, meaning that the private penal actio in factum is available concurrently, even if the person also faces criminal prosecution as a defendant under the Lex Cornelia de falsis.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §48.10.25.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:48.10.25.pr

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