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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §22.4.4.pr

Consent and the Lack of Writing Requirement in Hypothecs

Passage 3251 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Gaius argues that in the creation of a hypothec, just as in consensual obligations, the specific choice of words is of no consequence, and that it is validly established even without written documents, provided there is agreement and proof.

[GAIUS libro singulari de formula hypothecaria. ] §22.4.4.prIn re hypothecae nomine obligata ad rem non pertinet, quibus fit uerbis, sicuti est et in his obligationibus, quae consensu contrahuntur: et ideo et sine scriptura si conuenit, ut hypothecae sit, et probari poterit, res obligata erit de qua conueniunt.
[GAIUS from the single book on the Formula of Hypothec.] In the case of property bound under the name of a hypothec, it is of no consequence what words are used, just as is the case in those obligations which are contracted by consent. And therefore, even without a writing, if it is agreed that there should be a hypothec, and if it can be proved, the property concerning which they agree will be bound.
fiunt enim de his scripturae, ut quod actum est per eas facilius probari possit: et sine his autem ualet quod actum est, si habeat probationem, sicut et nuptiae sunt, licet testatio sine scriptis habita est.
For writings are made concerning these matters so that what has been done may be more easily proved by means of them; but even without them, what has been done is valid if it has proof, just as a marriage is valid, although the attestation has been held without writing.

Notes

  1. §22.4.4.prquibus fit uerbis — An indirect question clause serving as the logical subject of (or a clause dependent on) the impersonal expression "ad rem non pertinet" (it is of no consequence), indicating that the specific wording of the agreement does not affect its validity.
  2. §22.4.4.prut hypothecae sit — A noun clause introduced by "ut" with the subjunctive "sit", detailing the substance of the agreement expressed by the impersonal verb "conuenit". "hypothecae" can be construed as a dative of purpose or a genitive of characteristic, meaning 'to serve as a hypothec'.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §22.4.4.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:22.4.4.pr

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