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Livy · History of Rome §8.27.1-8.27.11

Tarentine Stratagem and the Lucanian Defection

Passage 425 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

Alarmed by the fall of Palaepolis, the Tarentines employ a deceptive scheme among the Lucanians, tricking them into breaking their alliance with Rome and renewing one with the Samnites, though the fraud is eventually discovered too late.

§8.27.1aliud subinde bellum cum alterius orae Graecis exortum.
Immediately afterwards, another war broke out with the Greeks of the other coast.
§8.27.2namque Tarentini, cum rem Palaepolitanam vana spe auxilii aliquamdiu sustinuissent, postquam Romanos urbe potitos accepere, velut destituti ac non qui ipsi destituissent, increpare Palaepolitanos, ira atque invidia in Romanos furere, eo etiam, quod Lucanos et Apulos — nam utraque eo anno societas coepta est — in fidem populi Romani venisse adlatum est: §8.27.3quippe propemodum perventum ad se esse, iamque in eo rem fore, ut Romani aut hostes aut domini habendi sint.
For the Tarentines, although they had for some time supported the Palaepolitan cause with a vain hope of assistance, when they heard that the Romans had gained possession of the city, as if they themselves had been deserted and were not the ones who had deserted them, began to upbraid the Palaepolitans and to rage with anger and jealousy against the Romans, and all the more because news was brought that the Lucanians and Apulians—for both alliances were formed in that year—had come into the alliance of the Roman people: arguing indeed that the Romans had almost reached them, and that things would soon come to such a pass that they must hold the Romans either as enemies or as masters.
§8.27.4discrimen profecto rerum suarum in bello Samnitium eventuque eius verti; eam solam gentem restare, nec eam ipsam satis validam, quando Lucanus defecerit; §8.27.5quem revocari adhuc inpellique ad abolendam societatem Romanam posse, si qua ars serendis discordiis adhibeatur.
That the crisis of their own affairs certainly turned upon the war of the Samnites and its outcome; that this nation alone remained, and not even it was sufficiently strong, now that the Lucanians had defected; who, however, could still be recalled and urged to abolish the Roman alliance, if any art were applied in sowing discords.
§8.27.6haec consilia cum apud cupidos rerum novandarum valuissent, ex iuventute quidam Lucanorum pretio adsciti, clari magis inter populares quam honestly, inter se mulcati ipsi virgis cum corpora nuda intulissent in civium coetum, §8.27.7vociferati sunt se, quod castra Romana ingredi ausi essent, a consulibus virgis caesos ac prope securi percussos esse.
When these counsels had gained weight among those eager for a revolution, certain of the Lucanian youth, hired with money, men more well-known among their countrymen than honest, having scourged themselves mutually with rods, when they had presented their naked bodies to the assembly of the citizens, vociferated that because they had dared to enter the Roman camp, they had been beaten with rods by the consuls and almost beheaded with the axe.
§8.27.8deformis suapte natura res cum speciem iniuriae magis quam doli prae se ferret, concitati homines cogunt clamore suo magistratus senatum vocare, §8.27.9et alii circumstantes concilium bellum in Romanos poscunt, alii ad concitandam in arma multitudinem agrestium discurrunt, tumultuque etiam sanos consternante animos decernitur, ut societas cum Samnitibus renovaretur, legatique ad eam rem mittuntur.
Since the matter, shocking by its own nature, bore the appearance of an injury rather than of a trick, the excited men by their clamor forced the magistrates to summon the senate, and while some standing around the assembly demanded war against the Romans, others ran in different directions to excite the rustic multitude to arms, and amidst a tumult that dismayed even sane minds, it was decreed that the alliance with the Samnites should be renewed, and ambassadors were sent for that purpose.
§8.27.10repentina res quia quam causam nullam tam ne fidem quidem habebat, coacti a Samnitibus et obsides dare et praesidia in loca munita accipere, caeci fraude et ira nihil recusarunt.
Because this sudden business had as little credibility as it had any ground, being compelled by the Samnites both to give hostages and to receive garrisons into their fortified places, blind with fraud and rage, they refused nothing.
§8.27.11dilucere deinde brevi fraus coepit, postquam criminum falsorum auctores Tarentum commigravere; sed amissa omni de se potestate nihil ultra, quam ut paeniteret frustra, restabat.
Soon afterwards the fraud began to grow clear, after the authors of the false charges migrated to Tarentum; but all power over themselves being lost, nothing remained but to repent in vain.

Notes

  1. 8.27.2non qui ipsi destituissent — The demonstrative pronoun `ei` (or `ii`) acting as the antecedent is omitted, creating the structure `non [ei] qui ipsi [Palaepolitanos] destituissent` ("and not as those who had themselves deserted [the Palaepolitans]"). This works adverbially modifying the historical infinitives.
  2. 8.27.2eo etiam, quod — The ablative `eo` of the demonstrative pronoun `is` is an ablative of cause anticipating the following `quod`-clause ("the fact that..."), meaning "all the more because of this, that...".
  3. 8.27.3in eo rem fore, ut — A future infinitive version of the idiom `in eo [loco/statu] res est, ut...` ("matters are at such a point that..."). The `ut`-clause is a noun clause of result explaining the content of `eo`.
  4. 8.27.6clari magis ... quam honesti — A comparison between two qualities of the same subject, indicating that they were "more well-known (clarus, here in an infamous sense) among their countrymen than honest (honestus)."
  5. 8.27.10quam causam nullam tam ne fidem quidem — The word order of the correlative `tam... quam...` is inverted, presenting the parallel structure: `quam [nullam causam habebat], tam ne fidem quidem [habebat]` ("as it had no ground at all, so it did not even have any credibility").
  6. 8.27.11nihil ultra, quam ut paeniteret frustra, restabat — The phrase `nihil ultra quam ut...` means "nothing remained except that...". `paeniteret` is the imperfect subjunctive of the impersonal verb `paenitet` ("to repent").

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §8.27.1-8.27.11. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:8.27.1-8.27.11

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