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Livy · History of Rome §37.16.1-37.16.14

Livius' Attack on Patara and Abandonment of the Siege

Passage 1341 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

C. Livius leads a fleet to Lycia to attack Patara, but due to severe weather and enemy resistance from the cliffs, they are forced into a hard-fought land battle. Despite achieving victory, they abandon the siege of Patara, whereupon the Rhodians return home and Livius sails to Greece.

§37.16.1C. Livius cum duabus quinqueremibus Romanis et quattuor quadriremibus Rhodiis et duabus apertis Zmyrnaeis in Lyciam est missus, Rhodum prius iussus adire et omnia cum iis communicare consilia.
C. Livius was sent to Lycia with two Roman quinqueremes, four Rhodian quadriremes, and two open Smyrnaean vessels, having been ordered to go first to Rhodes and communicate all his plans to them.
§37.16.2civitates, quas praetervectus est, Miletus Myndus Halicarnassus Cnidus Cous, imperata enixe fecerunt.
The cities which he sailed past—Miletus, Myndus, Halicarnassus, Cnidus, and Cos—zealously executed his orders.
§37.16.3Rhodum ut ventum est, simul et, ad quam rem missus esset, is exposuit et consuluit eos.
When they arrived at Rhodes, he at once explained for what purpose he had been sent and consulted them.
approbantibus cunctis et ad eam, quam habebat, classem, adsumptis tribus quadriremibus, navigat Patara.
With everyone approving, and having added three quadriremes to the fleet which he had, he sailed for Patara.
§37.16.4primo secundus ventus ad ipsam urbem ferebat eos, sperabantque subito terrore aliquid moturos; postquam circumagente se vento fluctibus dubiis volvi coeptum est mare, pervicerunt quidem remis, ut tenerent terram;
At first a favorable wind was carrying them toward the city itself, and they hoped that by a sudden terror they would achieve something; but after the wind shifted and the sea began to roll with uncertain waves, they indeed prevailed by their oars so as to hold the land.
§37.16.5sed neque circa urbem tuta statio erat, nec ante ostium portus in salo stare poterant aspero mari et nocte imminente.
However, there was no safe anchorage around the city, nor could they stand in the open sea before the mouth of the harbor, as the sea was rough and night was approaching.
§37.16.6praetervecti moenia portum Phoenicunta, minus duum milium spatio inde distantem, petiere, navibus a maritima vi tutum;
Sailing past the walls, they sought the harbor of Phoenicus, which was distant from there by a space of less than two miles, a place safe for ships from the violence of the sea.
§37.16.7sed altae insuper inminebant rupes, quas celeriter oppidani adsumptis regiis militibus, quos in praesidio habebant, ceperunt.
But high cliffs moreover towered above, which the townsmen, having quickly joined with the royal soldiers whom they had in garrison, occupied.
§37.16.8adversus quos Livius, quamquam erant iniqua ac difficilia ad exitus loca, Issaeos auxiliares et Zmyrnaeorum expeditos iuvenes misit.
Against them Livius, although the places were steep and difficult for retreats, sent the Issaean auxiliaries and the light-armed youth of the Smyrnaeans.
§37.16.9hi, dum missilibus primo et adversus paucos levibus excursionibus lacessebatur magis quam conserebatur pugna, sustinuerunt certamen;
These, while the fight was rather being provoked by missiles at first and by light skirmishes against a few than being fully joined, sustained the fight.
§37.16.10postquam plures ex urbe adfluebant, et iam omnis multitudo effundebatur, timor incessit Livium, ne et auxiliares circumvenirentur et navibus etiam ab terra periculum esset.
After more poured out from the city, and now the entire multitude was pouring forth, fear came upon Livius lest both the auxiliaries should be surrounded and there should also be danger to the ships from the land.
§37.16.11ita non milites solum sed etiam navalis socios, remigum turbam, quibus quisque poterat telis, armatos in proelium eduxit.
Therefore, he led out into battle not only the soldiers but also the naval allies, a crowd of rowers, armed with whatever weapons each could find.
§37.16.12tum quoque anceps pugna fuit, neque milites solum aliquot, sed L Apustius tumultuario proelio cecidit;
Then also the fight was doubtful, and not only several soldiers but also L.
postremo tamen fusi fugatique sunt Lycii atque in urbem compulsi, et Romani cum haud incruenta victoria ad naves redierunt.
Apustius fell in the chaotic battle; in the end, however, the Lycians were routed and put to flight, and driven into the city, and the Romans returned to their ships with a far from bloodless victory.
§37.16.13inde in Telmessicum profecti sinum, qui latere uno Cariam altero Lyciam contingit, omisso consilio Patara amplius temptandi Rhodii domum dimissi sunt,
Setting out from there into the Telmessian gulf, which touches Caria on one side and Lycia on the other, they abandoned the plan of further attempting Patara, and the Rhodians were sent home.
§37.16.14Livius praetervectus Asiam in Graeciam transmisit, ut conventis Scipionibus, qui tum circa Thessaliam erant, in Italiam traiceret.
Livius, sailing past Asia, crossed over to Greece, so that, having met the Scipios, who were then around Thessaly, he might cross over into Italy.

Notes

  1. 37.16.3ad quam rem missus esset — An indirect question clause serving as the direct object of the verb exposuit. It uses the pluperfect subjunctive passive missus esset due to the sequence of tenses.
  2. 37.16.4sperabantque subito terrore aliquid moturos — An accusative and infinitive construction governed by sperabant, with the subject accusative se omitted. The future active participle moturos is in the accusative masculine plural to agree with the omitted subject referring to the Roman and Rhodian forces.
  3. 37.16.11quibus quisque poterat telis — An example of relative attraction. The antecedent telis has been incorporated into the relative clause and attracted to the case of the relative pronoun quibus (ablative), which logically represents telis, quibus quisque poterat [se armare] ('with the weapons with which each was able [to arm himself]').

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §37.16.1-37.16.14. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:37.16.1-37.16.14

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