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Livy · History of Rome §34.38.1-34.38.7

Quinctius's Assault on Sparta and Nabis's Panic

Passage 1205 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

After inspecting the site of Sparta, Quinctius surrounded the city with his entire force and ordered his elite troops to attack from three directions where there were no walls. Enveloped by terror from all sides, the tyrant lost his composure and was driven to utter confusion.

§34.38.1et tunc quidem Quinctius satis eo terrore coercitis excursionibus hostium nihil praeter ipsius oppugnationem urbis superesse ratus, missis, qui omnis navalis socios a Gytheo accerserent, ipse interim cum tribunis militum ad visendum urbis situm moenia circumvehitur.
And then indeed Quinctius, thinking that nothing remained except the siege of the city itself, as the excursions of the enemy had been sufficiently checked by that terror, sent messengers to summon all the naval allies from Gytheum, while he himself in the meantime rode around the walls with the military tribunes to inspect the situation of the city.
§34.38.2fuerat quondam sine muro Sparta; tyranni nuper locis patentibus planisque obiecerant murum; altiora loca et difficilia aditu stationibus armatorum pro munimento obiectis tutabantur.
Sparta had once been without a wall; recently the tyrants had opposed a wall to the open and level places; the higher places and those difficult of access they protected by placing stations of armed men in front as a defense.
§34.38.3ubi satis omnia inspexit, corona oppugnandum ratus omnibus copiis — erant autem Romanorum sociorumque, simul peditum equitumque, simul terrestrium ac navalium copiarum, ad quinquaginta milia hominum — urbem cinxit.
When he had sufficiently inspected everything, thinking that it should be attacked with a ring of besiegers with all his forces—there were, moreover, of the Romans and allies, both infantry and cavalry, both land and naval forces, about fifty thousand men—he surrounded the city.
§34.38.4alii scalas, alii ignem, alii alia, quibus non oppugnarent modo sed etiam terrerent, portabant.
Some carried ladders, others fire, others other things with which they might not only attack but also terrify.
iussi sublato clamore subire undique omnes, ut, qua primum occurrerent quave opem ferrent, ad omnia simul paventes Lacedaemonii ignorarent.
They were ordered to advance from all sides with a shout raised, so that the Lacedaemonians, trembling at everything at once, might not know where first to oppose them or where to bring aid.
§34.38.5quod roboris in exercitu erat, trifariam divisum; parte una a Phoebeo, altera a Dictynneo, tertia ab eo loco, quem Heptagonias appellant — omnia autem haec aperta sine muro loca sunt — adgredi iubet.
What strength there was in the army he divided into three parts; one part he ordered to attack from the Phoebeum, another from the Dictynneum, and the third from that place which they call Heptagonias—all these, however, are open places without a wall.
§34.38.6cum tantus undique terror urbem circumvasisset, primo tyrannus et ad clamores repentinos et ad nuntios trepidos motus, ut quisque maxime laboraret locus, aut ipse occurrebat aut aliquos mittebat; §34.38.7deinde circumfuso undique pavore ita obtorpuit, ut nec dicere, quod in rem esset, nec audire posset nec inops modo consilii sed vix mentis compos esset.
When such great terror from all sides had enveloped the city, at first the tyrant, moved both by the sudden shouts and by the trembling messengers, either went himself to oppose them or sent some men, according as each place was most hard pressed; then, as terror poured in from all sides, he became so numb that he could neither speak what was to the purpose nor hear, and was not only devoid of counsel but scarcely in possession of his senses.

Notes

  1. 34.38.1satis eo terrore coercitis excursionibus hostium — An ablative absolute construction `coercitis excursionibus`. The ablative of the demonstrative adjective `eo` modifies `terrore`, and this whole phrase `eo terrore` functions as an ablative of means or cause modifying the perfect participle `coercitis`.
  2. 34.38.1missis, qui omnis navalis socios a Gytheo accerserent — An ablative absolute construction where the substantive noun subject of the perfect participle `missis` (such as `nuntiis`, 'messengers') is omitted. The clause introduced by the relative pronoun `qui` takes the imperfect subjunctive `accerserent` to express the purpose of the main subject (Quinctius).
  3. 34.38.2difficilia aditu — The supine in the ablative `aditu` from the noun `aditus` (approach, access) limits and modifies the adjective `difficilia` ('difficult in respect of approach').
  4. 34.38.5quod roboris in exercitu erat — The relative pronoun `quod` (neuter singular nominative) with the partitive genitive `roboris` forms a relative clause containing its own antecedent, meaning 'all the strength (elite force) that was in the army.' This entire phrase acts as the object of `iubet` and the logical subject of the infinitive `adgredi`.
  5. 34.38.6ut quisque maxime laboraret locus — `ut quisque` is used here with the subjunctive `laboraret` to form an adverbial clause of proportion, meaning 'according as each place was most in distress or hard-pressed.'
  6. 34.38.7quod in rem esset — The phrase `in rem` is an idiom meaning 'to the purpose, useful, or advantageous.' Since the antecedent is negated (`nec...`), the verb `esset` in the relative clause is in the subjunctive of characteristic (restrictive subjunctive).

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §34.38.1-34.38.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:34.38.1-34.38.7

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