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Livy · History of Rome §24.39.1-24.39.13

The Massacre at Henna and the Revolt of Sicily

Passage 744 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

The Roman prefect ordered the slaughter of the unarmed Hennese in the theater when they threatened violence to demand the keys. This brutal act secured the city but caused the rest of Sicily to defect to the Carthaginians, leading Marcellus to establish winter quarters near Syracuse.

§24.39.1ab hac adhortatione dimissi corpora curant.
Dismissed from this exhortation, they refreshed themselves.
postero die alii aliis locis ad obsidenda itinera claudendosque oppositi exitus; pars maxima super theatrum circaque, adsueti et ante spectaculo contionum, consistunt.
On the following day, some in some places, others in others, were posted to block the roads and close the exits; the greatest part stood above and around the theater, accustomed also before to the spectacle of public assemblies.
§24.39.2productus ad populum a magistratibus praefectus Romanus cum consulis de ea re ius ac potestatem esse, §24.39.3non suam, et pleraque eadem, quae pridie, dixisset, et primo sensim ac pars reddere claves, dein iam una voce id omnes iuberent cunctantique et differenti ferociter minitarentur nec viderentur ultra vim ultimam dilaturi, tum praefectus toga signum, §24.39.4ut convenerat, dedit, militesque intenti dudum ac parati alii superne in aversam contionem clamore sublato decurrunt, alii ad exitus theatri conferti obsistunt.
The Roman prefect, brought before the people by the magistrates, when he had said that the right and power concerning this matter belonged to the consul, not to himself, and had said most of the same things as the day before, and when at first gradually and a part ordered him to return the keys, then already with one voice everyone ordered this, and when they fiercely threatened him as he hesitated and delayed, and did not seem likely to delay extreme violence any longer, then the prefect gave the signal with his toga, as had been agreed, and the soldiers, who had long been alert and ready, some ran down from above with a shout upon the assembly from behind, others in dense bodies blocked the exits of the theater.
§24.39.5caeduntur Hennenses cavea inclusi coacervanturque non caede solum sed etiam fuga, cum alii super aliorum capita ruerent, integri sauciis, vivi mortuis incidentes cumularentur.
The Hennese, shut up in the cavea, were slaughtered and piled up not only by the slaughter but also by their flight, as some fell over the heads of others, the unhurt falling upon the wounded, the living upon the dead, they were heaped together.
§24.39.6inde passim discurritur et urbis captae modo fugaque et caedes omnia tenet nihilo remissiore militum ira, quod turbam inermem caedebant, quam si periculum par et ardor certaminis eos inritaret.
Thence they ran about in all directions, and in the manner of a captured city, flight and slaughter held everything, with the anger of the soldiers being in no way more relaxed, because they were slaughtering an unarmed crowd, than if an equal danger and the heat of battle were provoking them.
§24.39.7ita Henna aut malo aut necessario facinore retenta.
Thus Henna was retained, by an act either evil or necessary.
Marcellus nec factum inprobavit et praedam Hennensium militibus concessit ratus timore deterritos a proditionibus praesidiorum Siculos.
Marcellus neither disapproved of the deed and granted the plunder of the Hennese to the soldiers, thinking that the Sicilians, deterred by fear, would abstain from betraying the garrisons.
§24.39.8atque ea clades, ut urbis in media Sicilia sitae claraeque vel ob insignem munimento naturali locum vel ob sacrata omnia vestigiis raptae quondam Proserpinae, prope uno die omnem Siciliam pervasit.
And that disaster, as was natural for a city situated in the middle of Sicily and famous both on account of its remarkably fortified natural position and on account of all things being consecrated by the footsteps of the once-ravished Proserpina, spread through almost the whole of Sicily in one day.
§24.39.9et quia caede infanda rebantur non hominum tantum sed etiam deorum sedem violatam esse, tum vero etiam qui ante dubii fuerant defecere ad Poenos.
And because they thought that by this unspeakable slaughter not only the habitation of men but also of the gods had been profaned, then indeed even those who before had been wavering revolted to the Carthaginians.
§24.39.10Hippocrates inde Murgantiam, Himilco Agrigentum sese recepit, cum acciti a proditoribus nequiquam ad Hennam exercitum admovissent.
Hippocrates withdrew thence to Murgantia, Himilco to Agrigentum, when, summoned by traitors, they had marched their army in vain to Henna.
Marcellus retro in Leontinos redit frumentoque §24.39.11et commeatibus aliis in castra convectis, praesidio modico ibi relicto ad Syracusas obsidendas venit.
Marcellus returned back to Leontini, and corn and other provisions having been brought into the camp, and a moderate garrison having been left there, he came to besiege Syracuse.
§24.39.12inde Appio Claudio Romam ad consulatum petendum misso T. Quinctium Crispinum in eius locum classi castrisque praeficit veteribus; §24.39.13ipse hibernacula quinque milia passuum ab Hexapylo — Leonta vocant locum — communiit aedificavitque.
Thence, Appius Claudius having been sent to Rome to seek the consulship, he put Titus Quinctius Crispinus in his place in command of the fleet and the old camp; he himself fortified and built winter quarters five miles from Hexapylum—they call the place Leon—.
haec in Sicilia usque ad principium hiemis gesta.
These things were done in Sicily up to the beginning of winter.

Notes

  1. 24.39.1alii aliis locis ... oppositi — The idiomatic repetition of alius in different cases ("some in some places, others in others") expresses distribution. The auxiliary verb sunt is omitted in the passive perfect "oppositi [sunt]".
  2. 24.39.3pars reddere claves — The infinitive reddere can be interpreted either as dependent on the subsequent verb iuberent ("a part ordered to return the keys") or as a historical infinitive with pars as its subject ("a part began to return the keys"). In this translation, it is taken as dependent on iuberent.
  3. 24.39.6discurritur — The third-person singular passive of the intransitive verb discurro is used impersonally ("there is a running about in all directions" / "people run about").
  4. 24.39.8ut urbis ... clades ... pervasit — The particle ut combined with the genitives (urbis... sitae claraeque) is used elliptically to mean "as was natural for a city..." or "considering it was a city...".

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §24.39.1-24.39.13. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:24.39.1-24.39.13

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