§1.43.1ex iis, qui centum milium aeris aut maiorem censum haberent, octoginta confecit centurias, quadragenas seniorum ac iuniorum;
Of those who possessed a census of one hundred thousand asses or more, he formed eighty centuries, forty of seniors and forty of juniors.
§1.43.2prima classis omnes appellati; seniores ad urbis custodiam ut praesto essent, iuvenes ut foris bella gererent.
They were all called the first class; the seniors were to be ready for the defense of the city, the juniors to wage war abroad.
arma his imperata galea, clipeum, ocreae, lorica, omnia ex aere, haec, ut tegumenta corporis essent;
The armor prescribed for them was a helmet, a round shield, greaves, and a breastplate, all of bronze, and these for the protection of the body.
§1.43.3tela in hostem hastaque et gladius.
Their weapons against the enemy were a spear and a sword.
additae huic classi duae fabrum centuriae, quae sine armis stipendia facerent; datum munus, ut machinas in bello ferrent.
To this class were added two centuries of engineers, who were to serve without arms; the duty assigned to them was to carry the military engines in war.
§1.43.4secunda classis intra centum usque ad quinque et septuaginta milium censum instituta, et ex iis, senioribus iunioribusque, viginti conscriptae centuriae.
The second class was established for a census between one hundred thousand down to seventy-five thousand asses, and from these, consisting of seniors and juniors, twenty centuries were enrolled.
§1.43.5arma imperata scutum pro clipeo et praeter loricam omnia eadem.
The armor prescribed for them was a long shield instead of a round one, and all other things were the same except for the breastplate.
tertiae classis quinquaginta milium censum esse voluit; totidem centuriae et hae eodemque discrimine aetatium factae.
He wished the census of the third class to be fifty thousand asses; the same number of centuries was formed, and these with the same distinction of ages.
nec de armis quicquam mutatum, ocreae tantum ademptae.
Nor was any change made in their armor, except that the greaves were taken away.
§1.43.6in quarta classe census quinque et viginti milium; totidem centuriae factae.
In the fourth class, the census was twenty-five thousand asses; the same number of centuries was formed.
arma mutata, nihil praeter hastam et verutum datum.
The armor was changed, nothing being given except a spear and a javelin.
§1.43.7quinta classis aucta; centuriae triginta factae.
The fifth class was increased; thirty centuries were formed.
fundas lapidesque missiles hi secum gerebant.
These carried slings and missile stones with them.
§1.43.8his accensi cornicines tubicinesque, in duas centurias distributi.
To these were added horn-blowers and trumpeters, distributed into two centuries.
undecim milibus haec classis censebatur.
This class was rated at eleven thousand asses.
hoc minor census reliquam multitudinem habuit; inde una centuria facta est immunis militia ita pedestri exercitu ornato distributoque equitum ex primoribus civitatis duodecim scripsit centurias.
A census lower than this contained the rest of the multitude; from them, one century was formed, exempt from military service. The infantry army being thus equipped and distributed, he enrolled twelve centuries of cavalry from the foremost men of the state.
§1.43.9sex item alias centurias, tribus ab Romulo institutis, sub iisdem, quibus inauguratae erant, nominibus fecit.
He likewise formed six other centuries under the same names with which they had been inaugurated, in addition to the three instituted by Romulus.
ad equos emendos dena milia aeris ex publico data, et, quibus equos alerent, viduae adtributae, quae bina milia aeris in annos singulos penderent.
To purchase horses, ten thousand asses were given from the public treasury, and widows were assigned to pay two thousand asses annually for their maintenance.
haec omnia in dites a pauperibus inclinata onera.
All these burdens were shifted from the poor to the rich.
§1.43.10deinde est honos additus; non enim, ut ab Romulo traditum ceteri servaverant reges, viritim suffragium eadem vi eodemque iure promisce omnibus datum est, sed gradus facti, ut neque exclusus quisquam suffragio videretur et vis omnis penes primores civitatis esset.
Then honor was added; for the vote was not given promiscuously to all with the same influence and the same right, as had been handed down by Romulus and preserved by the other kings, but degrees were established so that no one might seem excluded from the vote, and yet all the power should remain in the hands of the foremost men of the state.
equites enim vocabantur primi; §1.43.11octoginta inde primae classis centuriae; ibi si variaret, quod raro incidebat, ut secundae classis vocarentur; nec fere umquam infra ita descenderunt, ut ad infimos pervenirent.
For the cavalry were called first; then the eighty centuries of the first class; if there was a division of opinion there, which rarely happened, it was arranged that the centuries of the second class should be called; and they scarcely ever descended so far as to reach the lowest classes.
§1.43.12nec mirari oportet hunc ordinem, qui nunc est post expletas quinque et triginta tribus duplicato earum numero centuriis iuniorum seniorumque, ad institutam ab Servio Tullio summam non convenire.
Nor ought it to cause surprise that this organization which now exists, after the thirty-five tribes were completed, their number being doubled by the centuries of juniors and seniors, does not agree with the total instituted by Servius Tullius.
§1.43.13quadrifariam enim urbe divisa regionibus collibusque, qui habitabantur, partes eas tribus appellavit, ut ego arbitror, ab tributo; nam eius quoque aequaliter ex censu conferendi ab eodem inita ratio est; neque eae tribus ad centuriarum distributionem numerumque quicquam pertinuere.
For having divided the city into four parts according to the regions and hills that were inhabited, he called these parts "tribes," from "tribute," as I suppose; for the method of contributing this also equally according to the census was started by the same man; nor did those tribes have anything to do with the distribution and number of the centuries.