Humanitext Reader

Virgil · Aeneid §8.648-8.731

The Battle of Actium and Aeneas Lifting the Shield

Passage 80 of 127 · Latin

Summary

The description of the shield concludes with scenes of historical Roman conflicts, including the defense of the Capitol, the afterlife of Catiline and Cato, and the Battle of Actium resulting in Augustus's grand triumph. Ignorant of the historical events depicted, Aeneas marvels at the images and lifts the destiny of his descendants onto his shoulder.

§8.648Aeneadae in ferrum pro libertate ruebant.
The descendants of Aeneas were rushing into battle for their liberty.
§8.649Illum indignanti similem similemque minanti §8.650aspiceres, pontem auderet quia vellere Cocles §8.651et fluvium vinclis innaret Cloelia ruptis.
You would have seen him, like one who is indignant and like one who threatens, because Cocles dared to tear down the bridge, and Cloelia, having broken her chains, was swimming across the river.
§8.652In summo custos Tarpeiae Manlius arcis §8.653stabat pro templo et Capitolia celsa tenebat, §8.654Romuleoque recens horrebat regia culmo.
At the top of the shield, Manlius, the guard of the Tarpeian citadel, was standing before the temple and was holding the high Capitol, and the palace was rough, fresh with Romulean thatch.
§8.655Atque hic auratis volitans argenteus anser §8.656porticibus Gallos in limine adesse canebat.
And here a silver goose, flying through the golden porticoes, was singing that the Gauls were present at the threshold.
§8.657Galli per dumos aderant arcemque tenebant, §8.658defensi tenebris et dono noctis opacae: §8.659aurea caesaries ollis atque aurea vestis, §8.660virgatis lucent sagulis, tum lactea colla §8.661auro innectuntur, duo quisque Alpina coruscant §8.662gaesa manu, scutis protecti corpora longis.
The Gauls were present through the thickets and were holding the citadel, protected by the darkness and the gift of the dark night: their hair was golden and their clothing was golden, they shine in their striped cloaks, then their milk-white necks are bound with gold, each of them brandishes two Alpine javelins in his hand, their bodies protected by long shields.
§8.663Hic exsultantis Salios nudosque Lupercos §8.664lanigerosque apices et lapsa ancilia caelo §8.665extuderat, castae ducebant sacra per urbem §8.666pilentis matres in mollibus.
Here he had forged the dancing Salii and the naked Luperci, and the woolly caps, and the shields that fell from heaven; chaste mothers were leading the sacred rites through the city in soft carriages.
Hinc procul addit §8.667Tartareas etiam sedes, alta ostia Ditis, §8.668et scelerum poenas et te, Catilina, minaci §8.669pendentem scopulo Furiarumque ora trementem, §8.670secretosque pios, his dantem iura Catonem.
Far from here he adds also the Tartarean abodes, the deep gates of Dis, and the punishments of crimes, and you, Catiline, hanging from a threatening cliff and trembling at the faces of the Furies, and the pious set apart, with Cato giving laws to them.
§8.671Haec inter tumidi late maris ibat imago §8.672aurea, sed fluctu spumabant caerula cano; §8.673et circum argento clari delphines in orbem §8.674aequora verrebant caudis aestumque secabant.
In the midst of these, the image of the swelling sea was flowing widely in gold, but the blue waters were foaming with white waves; and around, dolphins, bright in silver, in a circle were sweeping the seas with their tails and cutting the surge.
§8.675In medio classis aeratas, Actia bella, §8.676cernere erat, totumque instructo Marte videres §8.677fervere Leucaten auroque effulgere fluctus.
In the center, one could see the bronze-clad fleets, the Actian wars, and you would have seen all Leucate boil with marshaled Mars, and the waves shine with gold.
§8.678Hinc Augustus agens Italos in proelia Caesar §8.679cum patribus populoque, penatibus et magnis dis, §8.680stans celsa in puppi; geminas cui tempora flammas §8.681laeta vomunt patriumque aperitur vertice sidus.
On this side Augustus Caesar, leading the Italians into battle with the fathers and the people, the Penates and the great gods, standing on the high stern; whose happy temples pour forth double flames and his father's star is revealed on his head.
§8.682Parte alia ventis et dis Agrippa secundis §8.683arduus agmen agens; cui, belli insigne superbum, §8.684tempora navali fulgent rostrata corona.
In another part Agrippa, with winds and gods favorable, leading his line from on high; whose temples, a proud distinction of war, shine, beaked with the naval crown.
§8.685Hinc ope barbarica variisque Antonius armis, §8.686victor ab Aurorae populis et litore rubro, §8.687Aegyptum viresque Orientis et ultima secum §8.688Bactra vehit, sequiturque (nefas) Aegyptia coniunx.
On this side, with barbaric wealth and varied arms, Antony, victor from the nations of the Dawn and the Red Sea shore, carries Egypt with him, and the forces of the East, and furthest Bactra, and there follows him—O shame!—his Egyptian wife.
§8.689Una omnes ruere, ac totum spumare reductis §8.690convolsum remis rostrisque tridentibus aequor.
All rush together, and the whole sea foams, torn up by the drawn-back oars and the trident-beaked prows.
§8.691alta petunt: pelago credas innare revolsas §8.692Cycladas aut montis concurrere montibus altos, §8.693tanta mole viri turritis puppibus instant.
They seek the deep: you would believe that the torn-up Cyclades were swimming in the sea, or that high mountains were clashing with mountains, with such great weight do the men press on in their turreted ships.
§8.694stuppea flamma manu telisque volatile ferrum §8.695spargitur, arva nova Neptunia caede rubescunt.
Flaming tow by hand and flying iron by weapons is scattered; the fields of Neptune grow red with fresh slaughter.
§8.696Regina in mediis patrio vocat agmina sistro §8.697necdum etiam geminos a tergo respicit anguis.
The queen in the midst summons her troops with her native sistrum, and does not yet see the twin snakes behind her back.
§8.698omnigenumque deum monstra et latrator Anubis §8.699contra Neptunum et Venerem contraque Minervam §8.700tela tenent.
Monstrous gods of every kind and barking Anubis against Neptune and Venus and against Minerva hold their weapons.
Saevit medio in certamine Mavors §8.701caelatus ferro tristesque ex aethere Dirae, §8.702et scissa gaudens vadit Discordia palla, §8.703quam cum sanguineo sequitur Bellona flagello.
Mars rages in the midst of the battle, engraved in iron, and the grim Furies from the sky, and Discord goes rejoicing with her torn robe, whom Bellona follows with her bloody whip.
§8.704Actius haec cernens arcum tendebat Apollo §8.705desuper: omnis eo terrore Aegyptus et Indi, §8.706omnis Arabs, omnes vertebant terga Sabaei.
Actian Apollo, seeing these things, was bending his bow from above: with that terror all Egypt and the Indians, all Arabs, all Sabaeans were turning their backs.
§8.707Ipsa videbatur ventis regina vocatis §8.708vela dare et laxos iam iamque inmittere funis.
The queen herself seemed, having called the winds, to give sail and even now to let loose the slackened ropes.
§8.709Illam inter caedes pallentem morte futura §8.710fecerat Ignipotens undis et Iapyge ferri, §8.711contra autem magno maerentem corpore Nilum §8.712pandentemque sinus et tota veste vocantem §8.713caeruleum in gremium latebrosaque flumina victos.
Her, pale with future death in the midst of the slaughter, the Lord of Fire had made to be carried by the waves and the Iapyx wind, but opposite, the Nile, mourning with his great body and opening his folds and with all his robe calling the conquered into his blue bosom and his sheltering streams.
§8.714At Caesar, triplici invectus Romana triumpho §8.715moenia, dis Italis votum inmortale sacrabat, §8.716maxuma tercentum totam delubra per urbem.
But Caesar, carried into the Roman walls in a triple triumph, was consecrating an immortal vow to the Italian gods, three hundred magnificent temples throughout the whole city.
§8.717Laetitia ludisque viae plausuque fremebant; §8.718omnibus in templis matrum chorus, omnibus arae; §8.719ante aras terram caesi stravere iuvenci.
The streets were humming with joy and games and applause; in all temples there was a chorus of mothers, in all there were altars; before the altars slain bullocks covered the ground.
§8.720Ipse, sedens niveo candentis limine Phoebi, §8.721dona recognoscit populorum aptatque superbis §8.722postibus; incedunt victae longo ordine gentes, §8.723quam variae linguis, habitu tam vestis et armis.
He himself, sitting on the snow-white threshold of bright Phoebus, reviews the gifts of the nations and fits them to the proud doorposts; the conquered peoples march in a long line, as varied in tongues as they are in the fashion of their dress and arms.
§8.724Hic Nomadum genus et discinctos Mulciber Afros, §8.725hic Lelegas Carasque sagittiferosque Gelonos §8.726finxerat; Euphrates ibat iam mollior undis, §8.727extremique hominum Morini, Rhenusque bicornis, §8.728indomitique Dahae, et pontem indignatus Araxes.
Here the race of Nomads and the loosely-girt Africans, here the Leleges and Carerians and the arrow-bearing Geloni Mulciber had fashioned; the Euphrates was flowing now gentler in its waves, and the Morini, the most remote of men, and the two-horned Rhine, and the untamable Dahae, and the Araxes, indignant at the bridge.
§8.729Talia per clipeum Volcani, dona parentis, §8.730miratur rerumque ignarus imagine gaudet, §8.731attollens umero famamque et fata nepotum.
At such things on the shield of Vulcan, the gifts of his parent, Aeneas marvels, and, ignorant of the events, rejoices in the image, lifting on his shoulder the fame and the fates of his descendants.

Notes

  1. §8.649aspiceres — Second-person singular imperfect subjunctive, expressing a past potentiality ('you would have seen'). It addresses a generic observer rather than a specific interlocutor.
  2. §8.662protecti corpora — The passive participle protecti is combined with corpora, an accusative of specification (Greek accusative), meaning 'their bodies protected by long shields'.
  3. §8.675cernere erat — An impersonal construction imitating the Greek usage of ἔστι with an infinitive, meaning 'it was possible to see.'
  4. §8.689ruere — A historical infinitive (not the syncopated form of the perfect third-person plural ruerunt), used to make the narrative more vivid. The following spumare is also historical.
  5. §8.730rerumque ignarus — The adjective ignarus ('ignorant of') governs the genitive case, hence rerum is in the genitive. This highlights Aeneas's lack of comprehension regarding the future Roman history depicted on his shield.

Cite this passage

Virgil, Aeneid §8.648-8.731. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0690.phi003.humanitext-lat2:8.648-8.731

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