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Virgil · Aeneid §8.244-8.325

The Slaying of Cacus and the Golden Age of Saturn

Passage 75 of 127 · Latin

Summary

The defeat of Cacus by Alcides and the origins of the sacred rites established by Potitius and the Pinarian house are recounted. Afterwards, King Evander explains to Aeneas the history of Latium and the Golden Age brought by Saturn.

§8.244infernas reseret sedes et regna recludat §8.245pallida, dis invisa, superque immane barathrum §8.246cernatur, trepident inmisso lumine manes.
should lay open the infernal seats and disclose the pale kingdoms, hated by the gods, and the immense abyss should be seen from above, and the shades should tremble as the light is let in.
§8.247Ergo insperata deprensum luce repente §8.248inclusumque cavo saxo atque insueta rudentem §8.249desuper Alcides telis premit omniaque arma §8.250advocat et ramis vastisque molaribus instat.
Therefore, Alcides from above presses with missiles him, suddenly caught in the unlooked-for light, and shut up in the hollow rock, and braying unaccustomed sounds, and calls to aid all weapons, and plies him with branches and huge millstones.
§8.251Ille autem, neque enim fuga iam super ulla pericli, §8.252faucibus ingentem fumum (mirabile dictu) §8.253evomit involvitque domum caligine caeca, §8.254prospectum eripiens oculis, glomeratque sub antro §8.255fumiferam noctem commixtis igne tenebris.
But he (for indeed no escape from danger now remained), spews from his throat huge smoke (marvellous to tell) and envelops the house in blind darkness, snatching the prospect from the eyes, and gathers under the cave a smoke-bearing night with darkness mixed with fire.
§8.256Non tulit Alcides animis seque ipse per ignem §8.257praecipiti iecit saltu, qua plurimus undam §8.258fumus agit nebulaque ingens specus aestuat atra.
Alcides did not brook this in his anger, and cast himself headlong with a leap through the fire, where the thickest smoke sends its wave and the huge cave seethes with black mist.
§8.259Hic Cacum in tenebris incendia vana vomentem §8.260corripit in nodum complexus et angit inhaerens §8.261elisos oculos et siccum sanguine guttur.
Here he seizes Cacus in the darkness, spewing useless flames, grasping him in a knot, and, clinging to him, squeezes his started eyes and his throat dry of blood.
§8.262Panditur extemplo foribus domus atra revolsis, §8.263abstractaeque boves abiurataeque rapinae §8.264caelo ostenduntur, pedibusque informe cadaver §8.265protrahitur.
Immediately, the black house is opened, its doors torn away, and the stolen oxen and the denied plunder are shown to heaven, and by the feet the shapeless corpse is dragged forth.
Nequeunt expleri corda tuendo §8.266terribilis oculos, voltum villosaque saetis §8.267pectora semiferi atque extinctos faucibus ignis.
The hearts of the people cannot be satisfied with gazing on the terrible eyes, the face, and the breast shaggy with bristles of the half-beast, and the extinguished fires in his throat.
§8.268Ex illo celebratus honos, laetique minores §8.269servavere diem, primusque Potitius auctor §8.270et domus Herculei custos Pinaria sacri.
From that time this honor has been celebrated, and joyful posterity have kept the day, and Potitius, the first founder, and the Pinarian house, the guardian of the Herculean rite.
§8.271Hanc aram luco statuit, quae maxuma semper §8.272dicetur nobis et erit quae maxuma semper.
He set up this altar in the grove, which will always be called 'Greatest' by us and will always be the greatest.
§8.273Quare agite, o iuvenes, tantarum in munere laudum §8.274cingite fronde comas et pocula porgite dextris §8.275communemque vocate deum et date vina volentes. §8.276Dixerat, Herculea bicolor cum populus umbra §8.277velavitque comas foliisque innexa pependit §8.278et sacer implevit dextram scyphus.
Wherefore come, O youths, in honor of such great praises, bind your hair with leaves, and stretch out cups in your right hands, and call upon our common god, and offer wine with willing minds." He had spoken, when the two-colored poplar with Herculean shade veiled his hair and hung intertwined with leaves, and the sacred cup filled his right hand.
Ocius omnes §8.279in mensam laeti libant divosque precantur.
Quickly all, joyful, pour libations on the table and pray to the gods.
§8.280Devexo interea propior fit Vesper Olympo, §8.281iamque sacerdotes primusque Potitius ibant, §8.282pellibus in morem cincti, flammasque ferebant.
Meanwhile, the Evening Star draws nearer as heaven rolls down, and now the priests and Potitius, their leader, were advancing, girt with skins according to custom, and they carried torches.
§8.283Instaurant epulas et mensae grata secundae §8.284dona ferunt cumulantque oneratis lancibus aras.
They renew the feast and bring the welcome gifts of the second table, and heap the altars with laden dishes.
§8.285tum Salii ad cantus incensa altaria circum §8.286populeis adsunt evincti tempora ramis, §8.287hic iuvenum chorus, ille senum; qui carmine laudes §8.288Herculeas et facta ferunt: ut prima novercae §8.289monstra manu geminosque premens eliserit angues, §8.290ut bello egregias idem disiecerit urbes, §8.291Troiamque Oechaliamque, ut duros mille labores §8.292rege sub Eurystheo fatis Iunonis iniquae §8.293pertulerit.
Then the Salii are present at the songs, around the burning altars, their temples bound with poplar branches, here a chorus of youths, there of old men; who in song extol the praises and deeds of Hercules: how first he crushed the monsters of his stepmother with his hand, strangling the twin snakes, how the same man overthrew illustrious cities in war, both Troy and Oechalia, how under king Eurystheus he endured a thousand hard labors by the fates of unjust Juno.
Tu nubigenas, invicte, bimembris §8.294Hylaeeumque Pholumque, manu, tu Cresia mactas §8.295prodigia et vastum Nemeae sub rupe leonem.
"You, unconquered one, slay with your hand the cloud-born double-limbed ones, both Hylaeus and Pholus; you slay the Cretan monsters and the vast lion under the rock of Nemea.
§8.296Te Stygii tremuere lacus, te ianitor Orci §8.297ossa super recubans antro semesa cruento; §8.298nec te ullae facies, non terruit ipse Typhoeus, §8.299arduus arma tenens; non te rationis egentem §8.300Lernaeus turba capitum circumstetit anguis.
At you the Stygian lakes trembled, at you the warder of Orcus, lying upon half-eaten bones in his bloody cave; no shapes terrified you, not Typhoeus himself, lofty, holding weapons; you did not lack resource when the Lernaean snake with its crowd of heads stood around you.
§8.301Salve, vera Iovis proles, decus addite divis, §8.302et nos et tua dexter adi pede sacra secundo. §8.303Talia carminibus celebrant; super omnia Caci §8.304speluncam adiciunt spirantemque ignibus ipsum.
Hail, true offspring of Jove, added glory to the gods, and visit both us and your rites with favorable foot." Such things they celebrate in song; above all they add the cave of Cacus and himself breathing with fires.
§8.305Consonat omne nemus strepitu collesque resultant.
All the grove resounds with the noise and the hills re-echo.
§8.306Exim se cuncti divinis rebus ad urbem §8.307perfectis referunt.
Thence, the divine rites being performed, they all return to the city.
Ibat rex obsitus aevo §8.308et comitem Aenean iuxta natumque tenebat §8.309ingrediens varioque viam sermone levabat.
The king, covered with age, walked on, and kept Aeneas and his son near him as his companions as he went, and lightened the way with varied conversation.
§8.310miratur facilisque oculos fert omnia circum §8.311Aeneas capiturque locis et singula laetus §8.312exquiritque auditque virum monimenta priorum.
Aeneas wonders, and turns his easy eyes all around, and is captivated by the places, and joyful inquires and hears each monument of the men of old.
§8.313Tum rex Euandrus, Romanae conditor arcis: §8.314Haec nemora indigenae fauni nymphaeque tenebant §8.315gensque virum truncis et duro robore nata, §8.316quis neque mos neque cultus erat, nec iungere tauros §8.317aut componere opes norant aut parcere parto, §8.318sed rami atque asper victu venatus alebat.
Then King Evander, the founder of the Roman citadel, said: "These groves the native Fauns and Nymphs used to hold, and a race of men born from tree-trunks and hard oak, who had neither rule nor culture, nor knew how to yoke oxen or to gather wealth or to spare what was gained, but branches and hunt with its harsh food nourished them.
§8.319Primus ab aetherio venit Saturnus Olympo, §8.320arma Iovis fugiens et regnis exsul ademptis.
First from ethereal Olympus came Saturn, fleeing the weapons of Jove and an exile, his kingdoms taken away.
§8.321Is genus indocile ac dispersum montibus altis §8.322composuit legesque dedit Latiumque vocari §8.323maluit, his quoniam latuisset tutis in oris.
He gathered the untaught race, scattered on high mountains, and gave them laws, and chose that the land be called Latium, since in these safe shores he had lain hidden.
§8.324Aurea quae perhibent illo sub rege fuere §8.325saecula. Sic placida populos in pace regebat,
Golden, they say, were the ages under that king; so in tranquil peace he ruled his peoples,"

Notes

  1. §8.244reseret — Subjunctive present introduced by the conjunctional phrase 'non secus ac si' (just as if) from line 243, representing an imaginary or counterfactual scenario. The series of verbs (reseret, recludat, cernatur, trepident) vividly depicts a hypothetical sight.
  2. §8.265tuendo — Gerund in the ablative case, used with the passive infinitive 'expleri' (to be satisfied by gazing). It retains its transitive nature, directly governing the following accusative noun phrases (oculos, voltum, pectora, ignis) as objects.
  3. §8.286tempora — Accusative of specification (also known as the Greek accusative), qualifying the passive participle 'evincti' (bound) to specify the part of the body affected (the temples).
  4. §8.299rationis — Genitive governed by the participle 'egentem' (lacking, needing). Here, 'rationis egentem' means 'lacking reason', which in this context implies 'undismayed' or 'resourceful'.

Cite this passage

Virgil, Aeneid §8.244-8.325. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0690.phi003.humanitext-lat2:8.244-8.325

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