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Virgil · Aeneid §4.240-4.317

Mercury's Warning and Dido's Confrontation

Passage 33 of 127 · Latin

Summary

Mercury descends to Aeneas, reproaching his building of Carthage and delivering the divine command to depart immediately for Italy. Stricken by the warning, Aeneas begins secret preparations to sail, but Dido quickly discovers his plans and confronts him with passionate anger and grief.

§4.240aurea, quae sublimem alis sive aequora supra §4.241seu terram rapido pariter cum flamine portant; §4.242tum virgam capit: hac animas ille evocat Orco §4.243pallentis, alias sub Tartara tristia mittit, §4.244dat somnos adimitque, et lumina morte resignat.
golden [sandals], which carry him high aloft on wings, whether over the seas or over the land, as swift as the rapid gale; then he takes his wand: with this he summons pale souls from Orcus, sends others down to gloomy Tartarus, gives sleep and takes it away, and unseals eyes in death.
§4.245Illa fretus agit ventos, et turbida tranat §4.246nubila; iamque volans apicem et latera ardua cernit §4.247Atlantis duri, caelum qui vertice fulcit, §4.248Atlantis, cinctum adsidue cui nubibus atris §4.249piniferum caput et vento pulsatur et imbri; §4.250nix umeros infusa tegit; tum flumina mento §4.251praecipitant senis, et glacie riget horrida barba.
Relying on this, he drives the winds and skims the troubled clouds; and now flying, he sees the peak and steep slopes of rugged Atlas, who supports the sky with his crown, Atlas, whose pine-bearing head is continually encircled by dark clouds and beaten by wind and rain; accumulated snow covers his shoulders; then rivers plunge down from the chin of the old man, and his rough beard stiffens with ice.
§4.252Hic primum paribus nitens Cyllenius alis §4.253constitit; hinc toto praeceps se corpore ad undas §4.254misit, avi similis, quae circum litora, circum §4.255piscosos scopulos humilis volat aequora iuxta.
Here first the Cyllenian god, balancing on equal wings, halted; from here he threw himself headlong with his whole body to the waves, like a bird that flies low, close to the water, around the shores, around the fish-filled rocks.
§4.256Haud aliter terras inter caelumque volabat, §4.257litus harenosum Libyae ventosque secabat §4.258materno veniens ab avo Cyllenia proles.
Not otherwise did the Cyllenian offspring fly between the earth and sky, cutting through the sandy shore of Libya and the winds, coming from his maternal grandfather.
§4.259Ut primum alatis tetigit magalia plantis, §4.260Aenean fundantem arces ac tecta novantem §4.261conspicit; atque illi stellatus iaspide fulva §4.262ensis erat, Tyrioque ardebat murice laena §4.263demissa ex umeris, dives quae munera Dido §4.264fecerat, et tenui telas discreverat auro.
As soon as he touched the huts with his winged feet, he beholds Aeneas founding citadels and renewing dwellings; and his sword was starred with yellow jasper, and a cloak drapes from his shoulders, glowing with Tyrian purple, which wealthy Dido had made as a gift, and had distinguished the warp with fine gold.
§4.265Continuo invadit: Tu nunc Karthaginis altae §4.266fundamenta locas, pulchramque uxorius urbem §4.267exstruis, heu regni rerumque oblite tuarum?
Straightway he attacks him: "Do you now lay the foundations of lofty Carthage, and, doting on a wife, build up a beautiful city, alas, forgetful of your own kingdom and destiny?
§4.268Ipse deum tibi me claro demittit Olympo §4.269regnator, caelum ac terras qui numine torquet; §4.270ipse haec ferre iubet celeris mandata per auras: §4.271quid struis, aut qua spe Libycis teris otia terris?
The ruler of the gods himself sends me down to you from bright Olympus, he who turns heaven and earth with his divine power; he himself orders me to carry these mandates through the swift breezes: what do you build, or with what hope do you waste your leisure in Libyan lands?
§4.272Si te nulla movet tantarum gloria rerum, §4.274Ascanium surgentem et spes heredis Iuli §4.275respice, cui regnum Italiae Romanaque tellus §4.276debentur. Tali Cyllenius ore locutus §4.277mortalis visus medio sermone reliquit, §4.278et procul in tenuem ex oculis evanuit auram.
If no glory of such great deeds moves you, regard the rising Ascanius and the hopes of your heir Iulus, to whom the kingdom of Italy and the Roman land are owed." Tali Cyllenius ore locutus left mortal sight in the midst of his words, and vanished from their eyes far away into thin air.
§4.279At vero Aeneas aspectu obmutuit amens, §4.280arrectaeque horrore comae, et vox faucibus haesit.
But indeed, Aeneas, distraught at the sight, was struck dumb, and his hair stood on end with horror, and his voice stuck in his throat.
§4.281Ardet abire fuga dulcisque relinquere terras, §4.282attonitus tanto monitu imperioque deorum.
He burns to depart in flight and to leave the sweet lands, astonished by so great a warning and command of the gods.
§4.283Heu quid agat? Quo nunc reginam ambire furentem
Alas, what should he do? With what speech now should he dare to approach the raging queen?
§4.284audeat adfatu? Quae prima exordia sumat?
What first beginning should he take?
§4.285Atque animum nunc huc celerem, nunc dividit illuc, §4.286in partisque rapit varias perque omnia versat.
And he divides his swift mind now here, now there, and hurries it in various directions, turning it through everything.
§4.287Haec alternanti potior sententia visa est: §4.288Mnesthea Sergestumque vocat fortemque Serestum, §4.289classem aptent taciti sociosque ad litora cogant, §4.290arma parent, et quae rebus sit causa novandis §4.291dissimulent; sese interea, quando optuma Dido §4.292nesciat et tantos rumpi non speret amores, §4.293temptaturum aditus, et quae mollissima fandi §4.294tempora, quis rebus dexter modus.
This opinion seemed preferable to him as he wavered: he calls Mnestheus, Sergestus, and brave Serestus, that they should silently equip the fleet and gather their comrades to the shore, prepare weapons, and dissimulate what the reason is for altering their plans; while he himself, since the excellent Dido knows nothing and does not expect such great love to be broken, would try to find a way of approach, and the gentlest times for speaking, what mode was favorable for the business.
Ocius omnes §4.295imperio laeti parent ac iussa facessunt.
Very quickly all joyfully obey his command and perform his orders.
§4.296At regina dolos—quis fallere possit amantem? §4.297praesensit, motusque excepit prima futuros, §4.298omnia tuta timens.
But the queen—who can deceive a lover?— sensed the deceit beforehand, and was first to catch the future movements, fearing all things even when safe.
Eadem impia Fama furenti §4.299detulit armari classem cursumque parari.
The same impious Rumor reported to her in her fury that the fleet was being armed and a voyage prepared.
§4.300Saevit inops animi, totamque incensa per urbem §4.301bacchatur, qualis commotis excita sacris §4.302Thyias, ubi audito stimulant trieterica Baccho §4.303orgia, nocturnusque vocat clamore Cithaeron.
She rages, bereft of mind, and, inflamed, raves through the whole city like a Thyias aroused by the shaking of the sacred emblems, when, having heard the name of Bacchus, the triennial orgies stimulate her, and Mount Cithaeron calls her by night with shouting.
§4.304Tandem his Aenean compellat vocibus ultro: §4.305Dissimulare etiam sperasti, perfide, tantum §4.306posse nefas, tacitusque mea decedere terra?
At last she addresses Aeneas first with these words: "Did you even hope to be able to dissimulate, treacherous man, so great an impiety, and to depart silently from my land?
§4.307Nec te noster amor, nec te data dextera quondam, §4.308nec moritura tenet crudeli funere Dido?
Does neither our love, nor the right hand once given, nor Dido, about to die a cruel death, hold you?
§4.309Quin etiam hiberno moliris sidere classem, §4.310et mediis properas aquilonibus ire per altum,
Nay, do you even build your fleet under a wintry star, and hasten to go through the deep sea in the midst of northern winds, cruel man?
§4.311crudelis? Quid, si non arva aliena domosque §4.312ignotas peteres, sed Troia antiqua maneret, §4.313Troia per undosum peteretur classibus aequor
What, if you were not seeking foreign fields and unknown homes, but ancient Troy still remained, would Troy be sought by your fleets through the billowy sea?
§4.314Mene fugis? Per ego has lacrimas dextramque tuam te §4.315(quando aliud mihi iam miserae nihil ipsa reliqui) §4.316per conubia nostra, per inceptos hymenaeos, §4.317si bene quid de te merui, fuit aut tibi quicquam
Is it from me you flee? By these tears and your right hand (since I myself have left nothing else now for my miserable self), by our marriage, by our wedding just begun, if I have deserved any good of you, or if anything of mine was

Notes

  1. 4.244lumina morte resignat — The verb 'resignare' usually means 'to unseal' or 'to open.' In this context, it can be interpreted either as 'unsealing the eyes in/from death' (referring to Mercury's function of awakening the souls of the dead to guide them with his caduceus) or metaphorically as 'closing the eyes in death' (sealing them). This translation adopts the former, linking it with the preceding actions of recalling and sending souls, wherein the god 'unseals' eyes to prepare them for the journey.
  2. 4.266uxorius — The nominative adjective 'uxorius' functions as an adverbial predicate complement modifying the subject (Aeneas). Rather than simply meaning 'pertaining to a wife,' it is used here censoriously to mean 'wife-ruled' or 'doting blindly on a woman,' highlighting Aeneas's current state of submission to Dido at the expense of his duty.
  3. 4.283quid agat — A deliberative subjunctive in an independent clause, expressing the intense agitation, inner conflict, and self-interrogation of the protagonist Aeneas ('Alas, what should he do?'). The subsequent verbs 'audeat' and 'sumat' also share this same subjunctive usage.
  4. 4.314Per ego has lacrimas dextramque tuam te — An instance of highly complex word order (hyperbaton) typical of classical poetry, where the nominative pronoun 'ego' and the object pronoun 'te' are embedded within the accusative phrase ('has lacrimas...') governed by the preposition 'per'. The disrupted syntax mimics and amplifies Dido's extreme emotional agitation and desperate pleading ('By these tears and your right hand, I [beg] you').

Cite this passage

Virgil, Aeneid §4.240-4.317. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0690.phi003.humanitext-lat2:4.240-4.317

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