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Virgil · Aeneid §11.838-11.915

The Death of Arruns and the Latin Retreat

Passage 115 of 127 · Latin

Summary

Opis, Diana's messenger, slays Arruns to avenge Camilla, while the fleeing Latin army retreats in total panic to the city gates, leading to tragic chaos. Hearing the news, Turnus abandons his forest ambush and races back to the city with Aeneas in hot pursuit, though nightfall halts the battle.

§11.838Utque procul medio iuvenum in clamore furentum §11.839prospexit tristi multatam morte Camillam, §11.840ingemuitque deditque has imo pectore voces: §11.841Heu nimium, virgo, nimium crudele luisti §11.842supplicium, Teucros conata lacessere bello!
And when from afar, in the midst of the shouting of the raging youths, she beheld Camilla afflicted by a bitter death, and groaned, and gave vent to these words from the bottom of her heart: "Alas, maiden, too, too cruel a punishment you have paid, for having attempted to challenge the Teucrians in war!
§11.843Nec tibi desertae in dumis coluisse Dianam §11.844profuit aut nostras umero gessisse sagittas.
Neither did it avail you, deserted in the thickets, to have worshipped Diana, nor to have carried our arrows on your shoulder.
§11.845Non tamen indecorem tua te regina reliquit §11.846extrema iam in morte, neque hoc sine nomine letum §11.847per gentis erit aut famam patieris inultae.
Yet your queen has not left you dishonored, even now in your final death, nor will this death of yours be without a name among the nations, nor will you suffer the rumor of being unavenged.
§11.848Nam quicumque tuum violavit vulnere corpus, §11.849morte luet merita. Fuit ingens monte sub alto §11.850regis Dercenni terreno ex aggere bustum §11.851antiqui Laurentis opacaque ilice tectum: §11.852hic dea se primum rapido pulcherrima nisu §11.853sistit et Arruntem tumulo speculatur ab alto.
For whoever has violated your body with a wound, will pay for it with a well-deserved death." There was under the high mountain a huge tomb of ancient Laurentine king Dercennus, built of a mound of earth, and shaded by a dark holm-oak: here the most beautiful goddess first halted with a swift effort, and from the high mound watched Arruns.
§11.854Ut vidit laetantem animis ac vana tumentem, §11.855Cur, inquit, diversus abis? Huc dirige gressum,
When she saw him rejoicing in spirit and swelling with vain pride, "Why," she said, "do you depart in another direction?
§11.856huc periture veni, capias ut digna Camillae §11.857praemia.
Direct your steps hither, come hither, you who are doomed to die, that you may receive a reward worthy of Camilla.
Tune etiam telis moriere Dianae? §11.858dixit, et aurata volucrem Threissa sagittam §11.859deprompsit pharetra cornuque infensa tetendit §11.860et duxit longe, donec curvata coirent §11.861inter se capita et manibus iam tangeret aequis, §11.862laeva aciem ferri, dextra nervoque papillam.
Shall you too die by the arrows of Diana?" She spoke, and the Thracian maiden drew a winged arrow from her golden quiver, and in her anger stretched the bow of horn, and drew it far, until the curved tips met together and now with level hands she touched, with her left the iron point, with her right and the string her breast.
§11.863Extemplo teli stridorem aurasque sonantis §11.864audiit una Arruns, haesitque in corpore ferrum.
At once Arruns heard the whizzing of the shaft and the sounding air, and at the same moment the iron clung in his body.
§11.865Illum exspirantem socii atque extrema gementem §11.866obliti ignoto camporum in pulvere linquunt, §11.867Opis ad aetherium pennis aufertur Olympum.
Him, breathing his last and groaning his end, his companions forget and leave in the unknown dust of the plain, Opis on her wings is borne away to ethereal Olympus.
§11.868Prima fugit domina amissa levis ala Camillae; §11.869turbati fugiunt Rutuli, fugit acer Atinas §11.870disiectique duces desolatique manipli §11.871tuta petunt et equis aversi ad moenia tendunt.
First flees, their mistress lost, the light cohort of Camilla; the routed Rutulians flee, fierce Atinas flees, and scattered leaders and abandoned companies seek safety and, turning their horses, hasten toward the walls.
§11.872Nec quisquam instantis Teucros letumque ferentis §11.873sustentare valet telis aut sistere contra, §11.874sed laxos referunt umeris languentibus arcus, §11.875quadrupedumque putrem cursu quatit ungula campum.
Nor is anyone able to withstand with weapons the pressing Teucrians and those bringing death, or to stand against them, but they carry back slackened bows on their fainting shoulders, and the hoof of the four-footed beasts shakes the crumbling plain in their flight.
§11.876Volvitur ad muros caligine turbidus atra §11.877pulvis, et e speculis percussae pectora matres §11.878femineum clamorem ad caeli sidera tollunt.
Rolled toward the walls, thick with black darkness, is the dust, and from the watchtowers mothers, beating their breasts, raise a womanly shriek to the stars of heaven.
§11.879Qui cursu portas primi inrupere patentis, §11.880hos inimica super mixto premit agmine turba; §11.881nec miseram effugiunt mortem, sed limine in ipso, §11.882moenibus in patriis atque inter tuta domorum §11.883confixi exspirant animas.
Those who first broke in their flight through the open gates, upon these the hostile crowd presses in a mingled throng; nor do they escape a wretched death, but on the very threshold, within their native walls and amid the safety of their homes, pierced through, they breathe out their lives.
Pars claudere portas: §11.884nec sociis aperire viam nec moenibus audent §11.885accipere orantis, oriturque miserrima caedes §11.886defendentum armis aditus inque arma ruentum.
Some hasten to close the gates: they dare neither open a way for their comrades nor receive them within the walls, though entreating, and there arises a most wretched slaughter of those defending the entrance with arms and those rushing onto the weapons.
§11.887Exclusi ante oculos lacrumantumque ora parentum §11.888pars in praecipitis fossas urgente ruina §11.889volvitur, immissis pars caeca et concita frenis §11.890arietat in portas et duros obice postis.
Shut out before the eyes and weeping faces of their parents, some are rolled headlong into the steep trenches by the pressing ruin, some, blind and rushing with loosened reins, batter against the gates and the posts made tough with barriers.
§11.891Ipsae de muris summo certamine matres, §11.892monstrat amor verus patriae, ut videre Camillam, §11.893tela manu trepidae iaciunt ac robore duro §11.894stipitibus ferrum sudibusque imitantur obustis §11.895praecipites primaeque mori pro moenibus ardent.
The mothers themselves from the walls, in the utmost struggle, (true love of country points the way), as they saw Camilla, trembling throw weapons with their hands, and with hard oak, staves, and fire-hardened stakes, they mimic iron, and headlong they burn to be the first to die before the walls.
§11.896Interea Turnum in silvis saevissimus implet §11.897nuntius, et iuveni ingentem fert Acca tumultum: §11.898deletas Volscorum acies, cecidisse Camillam, §11.899ingruere infensos hostis et Marte secundo §11.900omnia corripuisse, metum iam ad moenia ferri.
Meanwhile, in the woods, the most cruel news fills Turnus, and Acca brings to the youth the great turmoil: that the lines of the Volscians were destroyed, that Camilla had fallen, that the hostile enemy was rushing on and with favorable Mars had seized everything, and that fear was now being carried to the walls.
§11.901Ille furens, et saeva Iovis sic numina pellunt, §11.902deserit obsessos collis, nemora aspera linquit.
He, raging—and the cruel powers of Jupiter so impelled him— deserts the besieged hills, leaves the rough forests.
§11.903Vix e conspectu exierat campumque tenebat, §11.904cum pater Aeneas saltus ingressus apertos §11.905exsuperatque iugum silvaque evadit opaca.
Scarcely had he gone out of sight and was holding the plain, when father Aeneas, having entered the open mountain-passes, crosses the ridge and escapes from the dark forest.
§11.906Sic ambo ad muros rapidi totoque feruntur §11.907agmine nec longis inter se passibus absunt; §11.908ac simul Aeneas fumantis pulvere campos §11.909prospexit longe Laurentiaque agmina vidit, §11.910et saevum Aenean adgnovit Turnus in armis §11.911adventumque pedum flatusque audivit equorum.
Thus both are borne rapidly toward the walls with all their force, nor are they distant by many paces from each other; and at the same moment Aeneas saw from afar the plains smoking with dust and beheld the Laurentine lines, and Turnus recognized fierce Aeneas in his arms, and heard the coming of feet and the snorting of horses.
§11.912Continuoque ineant pugnas et proelia temptent, §11.913ni roseus fessos iam gurgite Phoebus Hibero §11.914tinguat equos noctemque die labente reducat:
And immediately they would have entered into battles and attempted combats, had not rosy Phoebus already dipped his weary horses in the Iberian flood and brought back night as the day slipped away.
§11.915considunt castris ante urbem et moenia vallant.
They encamp before the city and fortify the walls.

Notes

  1. 11.843desertae — Agrees with the dative singular `tibi` (referring to Camilla), meaning 'deserted' or 'lonely.' It reflects either her isolated service to Diana in the wilds or her state of being abandoned at death.
  2. 11.854vana tumentem — The neuter plural accusative adjective `vana` is used adverbially, modifying `tumentem` to mean 'vainly swelling' or 'puffed up with empty pride.'
  3. 11.883claudere — A historical infinitive used instead of the imperfect indicative (`claudebant`) to convey urgency and rapid movement. The subject is the collective noun `Pars`.
  4. 11.886defendentum — A syncopated form of `defendentium` (genitive plural of the present participle); likewise, `ruentum` stands for `ruentium`. Both serve as subjective genitives modifying `caedes` ('slaughter').
  5. 11.912ineant — The present subjunctives `ineant` and `temptent`, along with `tinguat` and `reducat` in the conditional clause, represent a contrary-to-fact condition. Typically expressed with imperfect or pluperfect subjunctives, this vivid poetic use of the present tense heightens the dramatic immediacy.

Cite this passage

Virgil, Aeneid §11.838-11.915. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0690.phi003.humanitext-lat2:11.838-11.915

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