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Virgil · Georgics §1.440-1.514

Signs from the Sun, Caesar's Portents, and Prayer for Octavian

Passage 7 of 28 · Latin

Summary

The passage details weather signs from the sun and recounts the ominous prodigies that appeared after Julius Caesar's assassination, concluding with a lament over the chaotic state of the world and a prayer for the young Octavian's success.

§1.440et quae mane refert et quae surgentibus astris.
both those which he brings back in the morning and those when the stars arise.
§1.441Ille ubi nascentem maculis variaverit ortum §1.442conditus in nubem medioque refugerit orbe, §1.443suspecti tibi sint imbres; namque urget ab alto §1.444arboribusque satisque Notus pecorique sinister.
When he has speckled his rising birth with spots, hidden in a cloud, and has shrunk back with the center of his disc, let showers be suspected by you; for the South Wind, sinister to trees and crops and cattle, presses from the deep.
§1.445Aut ubi sub lucem densa inter nubila sese §1.446diversi rumpent radii aut ubi pallida surget §1.447Tithoni croceum linquens Aurora cubile, §1.448heu male tum mitis defendet pampinus uvas: §1.449tam multa in tectis crepitans salit horrida grando.
Or when, towards dawn, among dense clouds, his rays break forth scattered, or when pale Aurora rises, leaving the saffron bed of Tithonus, alas, poorly then will the mild vine-leaf defend the grapes: so many a horrid hail leaps rattling on the roofs.
§1.450Hoc etiam, emenso cum iam decedit Olympo, §1.451profuerit meminisse magis; nam saepe videmus §1.452ipsius in voltu varios errare colores: §1.453caeruleus pluviam denuntiat, igneus Euros; §1.454sin maculae incipient rutilo inmiscerier igni, §1.455omnia tum pariter vento nimbisque videbis §1.456fervere.
This also, when he now departs from the traversed Olympus, it will have been more useful to remember; for often we see various colors wander on his very face: dark-blue foretells rain, fiery red the East Winds; but if spots begin to be mingled with the ruddy fire, then you will see all things equally with wind and storms rage.
Non illa quisquam me nocte per altum §1.457ire, neque a terra moneat convellere funem.
Let no one on that night advise me to go through the deep, or to loose the cable from the land.
§1.458At si, cum referetque diem condetque relatum, §1.459lucidus orbis erit, frustra terrebere nimbis §1.460et claro silvas cernes Aquilone moveri.
But if, both when he brings back the day and hides it when returned, the disc shall be bright, in vain will you be terrified by storms, and you will see the woods moved by the clear North Wind.
§1.461Denique quid vesper serus vehat, unde serenas §1.462ventus agat nubes, quid cogitet humidus Auster, §1.463sol tibi signa dabit.
Finally, what the late evening brings, from where the wind drives the serene clouds, what the damp South Wind meditates, the sun will give you signs.
Solem quis dicere falsum §1.464audeat.
Who would dare to call the sun false?
Ille etiam caecos instare tumultus §1.465saepe monet fraudemque et operta tumescere bella.
He even often warns that blind tumults are near, and that treachery and hidden wars are swelling.
§1.466Ille etiam exstincto miseratus Caesare Romam, §1.467cum caput obscura nitidum ferrugine texit §1.468inpiaque aeternam timuerunt saecula noctem.
He also pitied Rome when Caesar was extinguished, when he covered his bright head with dark iron-rust, and the impious generations feared eternal night.
§1.469Tempore quamquam illo tellus quoque et aequora ponti §1.470obscenaeque canes inportunaeque volucres §1.471signa dabant.
Although at that time the earth also and the plains of the sea, and ill-omened dogs and troublesome birds gave signs.
Quotiens Cyclopum effervere in agros §1.472vidimus undantem ruptis fornacibus Aetnam §1.473flammarumque globos liquefactaque volvere saxa!
How often did we see Etna boil over waving into the fields of the Cyclopes from its broken furnaces, and roll globes of flame and liquefied rocks!
§1.474Armorum sonitum toto Germania caelo §1.475audiit, insolitis tremuerunt motibus Alpes.
Germany heard the clash of arms through the whole sky; the Alps trembled with unusual motions.
§1.476Vox quoque per lucos volgo exaudita silentis §1.477ingens et simulacra modis pallentia miris §1.478visa sub obscurum noctis, pecudesque locutae,
A voice also was heard by all through the silent groves, huge, and ghosts pale in wondrous ways were seen under the darkness of night, and beasts spoke—unspeakable!
§1.479infandum! sistunt amnes terraeque dehiscunt §1.480et maestum inlacrimat templis ebur aeraque sudant.
rivers stand still and the earth gapes open, and in the temples the sad ivory weeps and bronzes sweat.
§1.481Proluit insano contorquens vertice silvas §1.482fluviorum rex Eridanus camposque per omnis §1.483cum stabulis armenta tulit.
Eridanus, the king of rivers, poured forth, whirling woods in its mad vortex, and through all the fields carried away herds with their stables.
Nec tempore eodem §1.484tristibus aut extis fibrae adparere minaces §1.485aut puteis manare cruor cessavit et altae §1.486per noctem resonare lupis ululantibus urbes.
Nor at the same time did menacing fibers cease to appear in the gloomy entrails, or blood to flow from wells, and lofty cities to resound through the night with howling wolves.
§1.487Non alias caelo ceciderunt plura sereno §1.488fulgura nec diri totiens arsere cometae.
Never at any other time did more lightnings fall from a serene sky, nor did dire comets burn so often.
§1.489ergo inter sese paribus concurrere telis §1.490Romanas acies iterum videre Philippi; §1.491nec fuit indignum superis, bis sanguine nostro §1.492Emathiam et latos Haemi pinguescere campos.
Therefore Philippi saw Roman armies clash again with equal weapons among themselves; nor was it unseemly to the gods that Emathia and the broad plains of Haemus should twice grow rich with our blood.
§1.493Scilicet et tempus veniet, cum finibus illis §1.494agricola incurvo terram molitus aratro §1.495exesa inveniet scabra robigine pila §1.496aut gravibus rastris galeas pulsabit inanis §1.497grandiaque effossis mirabitur ossa sepulchris.
Surely also a time will come when in those territories the farmer, tilling the earth with a curved plow, will find javelins eaten away by rough rust, or will strike empty helmets with heavy rakes, and marvel at the huge bones in excavated graves.
§1.498Di patrii, Indigetes, et Romule Vestaque mater, §1.499quae Tuscum Tiberim et Romana Palatia servas, §1.500hunc saltem everso iuvenem succurrere saeclo
Gods of our fathers, native deities, and Romulus, and mother Vesta, who guard the Tuscan Tiber and Roman Palatine, do not prevent this youth, at least, from succoring this overturned age!
§1.501ne prohibete! Satis iam pridem sanguine nostro §1.502Laomedonteae luimus periuria Troiae; §1.503iam pridem nobis caeli te regia, Caesar, §1.504invidet atque hominum queritur curare triumphos; §1.505quippe ubi fas versum atque nefas: tot bella per orbem, §1.506tam multae scelerum facies; non ullus aratro §1.507dignus honos, squalent abductis arva colonis §1.508et curvae rigidum falces conflantur in ensem.
Long enough already have we washed away the perjury of Laomedon's Troy with our blood; long already, Caesar, the palace of heaven envies us you, and complains that you care for the triumphs of men; seeing that here right and wrong are inverted: so many wars through the world, so many faces of crime; no worthy honor to the plow, the fields lie waste with the tillers taken away, and curved sickles are forged into the rigid sword.
§1.509Hinc movet Euphrates, illinc Germania bellum; §1.510vicinae ruptis inter se legibus urbes §1.511arma ferunt; saevit toto Mars inpius orbe; §1.512ut cum carceribus sese effudere quadrigae, §1.513addunt in spatia et frustra retinacula tendens §1.514fertur equis auriga neque audit currus habenas.
Here the Euphrates, there Germany stirs up war; neighboring cities, having broken their treaties among themselves, bear arms; impious Mars rages through the whole world; as when four-horse chariots have poured forth from the barriers, they quicken their pace into the courses, and the charioteer, stretching the reins in vain, is carried away by the horses, and the chariot does not heed the reins.

Notes

  1. §1.448male — The adverb male can modify either mitis ('mild, soft') or defendet ('will defend'). Here, it modifies defendet, meaning 'will poorly defend' or 'will fail to protect sufficiently'.
  2. §1.454inmiscerier — An archaic form of the present passive/deponent infinitive inmisceri ('to be mingled'), ending in -ier, which is occasionally preserved in classical poetry.
  3. §1.484adparere — This verb, along with the subsequent manare and resonare, is an historical infinitive. It functions as an imperfect indicative (equivalent to adparebant, manabant, resonabant) with nominative subjects (fibrae, cruor, urbes) to vividly describe past events.
  4. §1.513addunt in spatia — An extremely elliptic phrase, literally 'they add into the spaces (or courses)'. It is understood with the omission of se ('themselves') or gradum ('step, pace'), describing how the chariots accelerate as they cover successive laps (spatia).

Cite this passage

Virgil, Georgics §1.440-1.514. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0690.phi002.humanitext-lat2:1.440-1.514

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