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Julius Caesar · Gallic War §8.41.1-8.41.6

Siege Works and Underground Mines Cut Off the Spring

Passage 390 of 404 · Latin

Summary

Caesar constructed vineae, a massive rampart, and a ten-story tower, while also driving underground galleries, to block the enemy's access to their main spring, causing severe thirst among them.

§8.41.1Quorum omnis postea multitudo aquatorum unum in locum conveniebat sub ipsius oppidi murum, ubi magnus fons aquae prorumpebat ab ea parte, quae fere pedum CCC intervallo fluminis circuitu vacabat.
Afterwards, the whole multitude of those who drew water assembled in one place under the very wall of the town, where a great spring of water burst forth on that side which, for an interval of about three hundred feet, was left free from the circuit of the river.
§8.41.2Hoc fonte prohiberi posse oppidanos cum optarent reliqui, Caesar unus videret, e regione eius vineas agere adversus montem et aggerem instruere coepit magno cum labore et continua dimicatione.
While the rest merely wished that the townspeople could be debarred from this spring, Caesar alone saw that it was possible, and began, opposite to it, to push forward the vineae against the mountain and to construct a rampart with great labor and constant fighting.
§8.41.3Oppidani enim loco superiore decurrunt et eminus sine periculo proeliantur multosque pertinaciter succedentes vulnerant; non deterrentur tamen milites nostri vineas proferre et labore atque operibus locorum vincere difficultates.
For the townspeople ran down from the higher ground and fought from a distance without danger, wounding many of our men as they obstinately advanced; nevertheless, our soldiers were not deterred from pushing forward the vineae and overcoming the difficulties of the ground by their labor and siege works.
§8.41.4Eodem tempore cuniculos tectos ab vineis agunt ad caput fontis; quod genus operis sine ullo periculo, sine suspicione hostium facere licebat.
At the same time, they drove covered galleries from the vineae to the source of the spring; which kind of work it was possible to perform without any danger and without any suspicion on the part of the enemy.
§8.41.5Exstruitur agger in altitudinem pedum sexaginta, collocatur in eo turris decem tabulatorum, non quidem quae moenibus aequaret (id enim nullis operibus effici poterat), sed quae superare fontis fastigium posset.
A rampart was raised to the height of sixty feet, and on it was placed a tower of ten stories, not indeed to equal the walls (for that could not be accomplished by any works), but to be able to overtop the elevation of the spring.
§8.41.6Ex ea cum tela tormentis iacerentur ad fontis aditum, nec sine periculo possent aquari oppidani, non tantum pecora atque iumenta, sed etiam magna hostium multitudo siti consumebatur.
When missiles were discharged from it by engines at the approach to the spring, and the townspeople could not fetch water without danger, not only the cattle and beasts of burden, but also a great multitude of the enemy was consumed by thirst.

Notes

  1. 8.41.1fluminis circuitu vacabat — The ablative 'circuitu' is an ablative of separation controlled by 'vacabat' (was free from / left open by the winding of the river). 'intervallo' is an ablative of degree of difference showing the distance.
  2. 8.41.2Hoc fonte prohiberi posse oppidanos cum optarent reliqui, Caesar unus videret — The conjunction 'cum' has an adversative or concessive force, contrasting the passive wishing of the others ('optarent reliqui') with Caesar's active insight ('Caesar unus videret'). The accusative with infinitive clause 'Hoc fonte... posse' serves as the object of both verbs.
  3. 8.41.3deterrentur ... milites nostri vineas proferre — The verb 'deterreo' usually takes a subjunctive clause introduced by 'ne', 'quominus', or 'quin' in classical prose. Here, it is constructed directly with the infinitive 'proferre', a usage more common in poetry and post-Augustan prose.
  4. 8.41.5non quidem quae moenibus aequaret ... sed quae ... posset — The subjunctives 'aequaret' and 'posset' in the relative clauses characterize the nature of the tower (a relative clause of characteristic). 'non quidem ... sed' marks a restrictive contrast ('not indeed to..., but to...').

Cite this passage

Julius Caesar, Gallic War §8.41.1-8.41.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0448.phi001.humanitext-lat2:8.41.1-8.41.6

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