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Julius Caesar · Gallic War §7.50.1-7.50.6

Panic over the Aedui and the Centurions' Sacrifice

Passage 308 of 404 · Latin

Summary

Amidst a chaotic battle, the appearance of the Aedui causes a friendly fire panic due to similarity in armor. Amid this confusion, the centurions Lucius Fabius and Marcus Petronius make heroic, self-sacrificing stands to save their men.

§7.50.1Cum acerrime comminus pugnaretur, hostes loco et numero, nostri virtute confiderent, subito sunt Aedui visi ab latere nostris aperto, quos Caesar ab dextra parte alio ascensu manus distinendae causa miserat.
While the battle was being fought most fiercely hand-to-hand, the enemy relying on their position and numbers, and our men on their courage, suddenly the Aedui appeared on the exposed flank of our men, whom Caesar had sent from the right side by another ascent for the purpose of dividing the enemy's forces.
§7.50.2Hi similitudine armorum vehementer nostros perterruerunt, ac tametsi dextris humeris exsertis animadvertebantur, quod insigne pactum esse consuerat, tamen id ipsum sui fallendi causa milites ab hostibus factum existimabant.
These men, by the similarity of their armor, greatly terrified our soldiers; and although they were observed with their right shoulders bare, which was accustomed to be the agreed sign, yet the soldiers thought that very thing had been done by the enemy for the purpose of deceiving them.
§7.50.3Eodem tempore Lucius Fabius centurio quique una murum ascenderant circumventi atque interfecti muro praecipitabantur.
At the same time, the centurion Lucius Fabius and those who had climbed the wall together with him, having been surrounded and slain, were cast down headlong from the wall.
§7.50.4Marcus Petronius, eiusdem legionis centurio, cum portam excidere conatus esset, a multitudine oppressus ac sibi desperans multis iam vulneribus acceptis manipularibus suis, qui illum secuti erant, "Quoniam," inquit, "me una vobiscum servare non possum, vestrae quidem certe vitae prospiciam, quos cupiditate gloriae adductus in periculum deduxi.
Marcus Petronius, a centurion of the same legion, having attempted to cut down the gate, was overwhelmed by the multitude and, despairing of his safety since he had already received many wounds, said to his fellow soldiers of the maniple who had followed him: "Since I cannot save myself together with you, I will at least certainly provide for your lives, whom, led by the desire for glory, I have brought into danger.
§7.50.5Vos data facultate vobis consulite. "Simul in medios hostes irrupit duobusque interfectis reliquos a porta paulum summovit.
Do you, since an opportunity is given, look out for yourselves." At the same time, he rushed into the midst of the enemy, and having killed two, drove the rest back a little from the gate.
§7.50.6Conantibus auxiliari suis "Frustra," inquit, "meae vitae subvenire conamini, quem iam sanguis viresque deficiunt.
To his men who were attempting to help him, he said, "In vain do you attempt to succor my life, whom blood and strength are already failing.
Proinde abite, dum est facultas, vosque ad legionem recipite. "Ita pugnans post paulum concidit ac suis saluti fuit.
Therefore, depart while there is an opportunity, and betake yourselves to the legion." Thus fighting, he fell shortly after and was the salvation of his men.

Notes

  1. §7.50.1manus distinendae causa — A gerundive construction. The plural noun 'manus' appears in the genitive case, agreeing with the gerundive 'distinendae', and combined with 'causa' to express purpose: 'for the purpose of dividing the forces'.
  2. §7.50.2sui fallendi causa — Although 'sui' refers to a plural entity ('themselves'), grammatically it is treated as a singular neuter genitive of the personal pronoun, causing the gerundive 'fallendi' to also take the singular neuter form. It means 'for the purpose of deceiving them'.
  3. §7.50.4sibi desperans — The verb 'despero' (to despair) takes the dative 'sibi' here to mean 'despairing of his own safety'. While 'despero' usually takes the accusative or 'de' with the ablative, the dative is used here to emphasize his personal concern or loss thereof.
  4. §7.50.6Conantibus auxiliari suis — 'suis conantibus' refers to 'his men who were attempting to help'. Grammatically, it can be interpreted either as a dative of indirect object with the following 'inquit' (or 'subvenire'), or as an ablative absolute ('while his men were attempting to help').
  5. §7.50.6suis saluti fuit — A double dative construction. 'suis' is the dative of reference ('for his men'), and 'saluti' is the dative of purpose or effect ('as a salvation'), meaning 'he became the salvation of his men'.

Cite this passage

Julius Caesar, Gallic War §7.50.1-7.50.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0448.phi001.humanitext-lat2:7.50.1-7.50.6

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