§12.prop.8αἱ ὅμοιαι πυραμίδες καὶ τριγώνους ἔχουσαι βάσεις ἐν τριπλασίονι λόγῳ εἰσὶ τῶν ὁμολόγων πλευρῶν.
Similar pyramids which have triangular bases are in the triplicate ratio of their corresponding sides.
ἔστωσαν ὅμοιαι καὶ ὁμοίως κείμεναι πυραμίδες, ὧν βάσεις μέν εἰσι τὰ ΑΒΓ, ΔΕΖ τρίγωνα, κορυφαὶ δὲ τὰ Η, θ σημεῖα·
Let there be similar and similarly situated pyramids, of which the bases are the triangles ABG and DEZ, and the vertices the points H and Th.
λέγω, ὅτι ἡ ΑΒΓΗ πυραμὶς πρὸς τὴν ΔΕΖΘ πυραμίδα τριπλασίονα λόγον ἔχει ἤπερ ἡ ΒΓ πρὸς τὴν ΕΖ.
συμπεπληρώσθω γὰρ τὰ ΒΗΜΛ, ΕΘΠΟ στερεὰ παραλληλεπίπεδα.
I say that the pyramid ABGH has to the pyramid DEZTh a triplicate ratio of that which BG has to EZ. For let the parallelepipedal solids BHML and EThPO be completed.
καὶ ἐπεὶ ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ ΑΒΓΗ πυραμὶς τῇ ΔΕΖΘ πυραμίδι, ἴση ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ μὲν ὑπὸ ΑΒΓ γωνία τῇ ὑπὸ ΔΕΖ γωνίᾳ, ἡ δὲ ὑπὸ ΗΒΓ τῇ ὑπὸ ΘΕΖ, ἡ δὲ ὑπὸ ΑΒΗ τῇ ὑπὸ ΔΕΘ, καί ἐστιν ὡς ἡ ΑΒ πρὸς τὴν ΔΕ, οὕτως ἡ ΒΓ πρὸς τὴν ΕΖ, καὶ ἡ ΒΗ πρὸς τὴν ΕΘ. καὶ ἐπεί ἐστιν ὡς ἡ ΑΒ πρὸς τὴν ΔΕ, οὕτως ἡ ΒΓ πρὸς τὴν ΕΖ, καὶ περὶ ἴσας γωνίας αἱ πλευραὶ ἀνάλογόν εἰσιν, ὅμοιον ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ ΒΜ παραλληλόγραμμον τῷ ΕΠ παραλληλογράμμῳ.
And since the pyramid ABGH is similar to the pyramid DEZTh, therefore the angle ABG is equal to the angle DEZ, and the angle HBG to the angle ThEZ, and the angle ABH to the angle DETh, and as AB is to DE, so is BG to EZ, and BH to ETh. And since as AB is to DE, so is BG to EZ, and the sides about the equal angles are proportional, therefore the parallelogram BM is similar to the parallelogram EP.
διὰ τὰ αὐτὰ δὴ καὶ τὸ μὲν ΒΝ τῷ ΕΡ ὅμοιόν ἐστι, τὸ δὲ ΒΚ τῷ ΕΞ· τὰ τρία ἄρα τὰ ΜΒ, ΒΚ, ΒΝ τρισὶ τοῖς ΕΠ, ΕΞ, ΕΡ ὅμοιά ἐστιν.
For the same reason indeed, BN is also similar to ER, and BK to EX; therefore the three MB, BK, BN are similar to the three EP, EX, ER.
ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν τρία τὰ ΜΒ, ΒΚ, ΒΝ τρισὶ τοῖς ἀπεναντίον ἴσα τε καὶ ὅμοιά ἐστιν, τὰ δὲ τρία τὰ ΕΠ, ΕΞ, ΕΡ τρισὶ τοῖς ἀπεναντίον ἴσα τε καὶ ὅμοιά ἐστιν.
But the three MB, BK, BN are equal and similar to the three opposite to them, and the three EP, EX, ER are equal and similar to the three opposite to them.
τὰ ΒΗΜΛ, ΕΘΠΟ ἄρα στερεὰ ὑπὸ ὁμοίων ἐπιπέδων ἴσων τὸ πλῆθος περιέχεται.
Therefore the solids BHML, EThPO are contained by similar planes equal in multitude.
ὅμοιον ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ ΒΗΜΛ στερεὸν τῷ ΕΘΠΟ στερεῷ.
Therefore the solid BHML is similar to the solid EThPO.
τὰ δὲ ὅμοια στερεὰ παραλληλεπίπεδα ἐν τριπλασίονι λόγῳ ἐστὶ τῶν ὁμολόγων πλευρῶν.
But similar parallelepipedal solids are in the triplicate ratio of their corresponding sides.
τὸ ΒΗΜΛ ἄρα στερεὸν πρὸς τὸ ΕΘΠΟ στερεὸν τριπλασίονα λόγον ἔχει ἤπερ ἡ ὁμόλογος πλευρὰ ἡ ΒΓ πρὸς τὴν ὁμόλογον πλευρὰν τὴν ΕΖ. ὡς δὲ τὸ ΒΗΜΛ στερεὸν πρὸς τὸ ΕΘΠΟ στερεόν, οὕτως ἡ ΑΒΓΗ πυραμὶς πρὸς τὴν ΔΕΖΘ πυραμίδα, ἐπειδήπερ ἡ πυραμὶς ἕκτον μέρος ἐστὶ τοῦ στερεοῦ διὰ τὸ καὶ τὸ πρίσμα ἥμισυ ὂν τοῦ στερεοῦ παραλληλεπιπέδου τριπλάσιον εἶναι τῆς πυραμίδος.
Therefore the solid BHML has to the solid EThPO a triplicate ratio of that which the corresponding side BG has to the corresponding side EZ. And as the solid BHML is to the solid EThPO, so is the pyramid ABGH to the pyramid DEZTh, since the pyramid is a sixth part of the solid, because the prism, being half of the parallelepipedal solid, is also triple of the pyramid.
καὶ ἡ ΑΒΓΗ ἄρα πυραμὶς πρὸς τὴν ΔΕΖΘ πυραμίδα τριπλασίονα λόγον ἔχει ἤπερ ἡ ΒΓ πρὸς τὴν ΕΖ· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Therefore also the pyramid ABGH has to the pyramid DEZTh a triplicate ratio of that which BG has to EZ; which was to be proved.
Πόρισμα
ἐκ δὴ τούτου φανερόν, ὅτι καὶ αἱ πολυγώνους ἔχουσαι βάσεις ὅμοιαι πυραμίδες πρὸς ἀλλήλας ἐν τριπλασίονι λόγῳ εἰσὶ τῶν ὁμολόγων πλευρῶν.
Porism From this indeed it is manifest that also similar pyramids having polygonal bases are to one another in the triplicate ratio of their corresponding sides.
διαιρεθεισῶν γὰρ αὐτῶν εἰς τὰς ἐν αὐταῖς πυραμίδας τριγώνους βάσεις ἐχούσας τῷ καὶ τὰ ὅμοια πολύγωνα τῶν βάσεων εἰς ὅμοια τρίγωνα διαιρεῖσθαι καὶ ἴσα τῷ πλήθει καὶ ὁμόλογα τοῖς ὅλοις ἔσται ὡς ἐν τῇ ἑτέρᾳ μία πυραμὶς τρίγωνον ἔχουσα βάσιν πρὸς τὴν ἐν τῇ ἑτέρᾳ μίαν πυραμίδα τρίγωνον ἔχουσαν βάσιν, οὕτως καὶ ἅπασαι αἱ ἐν τῇ ἑτέρᾳ πυραμίδι πυραμίδες τριγώνους ἔχουσαι βάσεις πρὸς τὰς ἐν τῇ ἑτέρᾳ πυραμίδι πυραμίδας τριγώνους βάσεις ἐχούσας, τουτέστιν αὐτὴ ἡ πολύγωνον βάσιν ἔχουσα πυραμὶς πρὸς τὴν πολύγωνον βάσιν ἔχουσαν πυραμίδα.
For when they are divided into the pyramids in them having triangular bases, by the similar polygons of the bases being also divided into similar triangles equal in multitude and corresponding to the wholes, it will be that, as one pyramid having a triangular base in the one is to one pyramid having a triangular base in the other, so also are all the pyramids having triangular bases in the one pyramid to all the pyramids having triangular bases in the other pyramid, that is, the pyramid itself having a polygonal base to the pyramid having a polygonal base.
ἡ δὲ τρίγωνον βάσιν ἔχουσα πυραμὶς πρὸς τὴν τρίγωνον βάσιν ἔχουσαν ἐν τριπλασίονι λόγῳ ἐστὶ τῶν ὁμολόγων πλευρῶν· καὶ ἡ πολύγωνον ἄρα βάσιν ἔχουσα πρὸς τὴν ὁμοίαν βάσιν ἔχουσαν τριπλασίονα λόγον ἔχει ἤπερ ἡ πλευρὰ πρὸς τὴν πλευράν.
But the pyramid having a triangular base is to the pyramid having a triangular base in the triplicate ratio of their corresponding sides; therefore also the pyramid having a polygonal base has to that having a similar base a triplicate ratio of that which side has to side.