§10.prop3.98τὸ ἀπὸ μέσης ἀποτομῆς πρώτης παρὰ ῥητὴν παραβαλλόμενον πλάτος ποιεῖ ἀποτομὴν δευτέραν.
The square on a first medial apotome applied to a rational straight line produces as breadth a second apotome.
ἔστω μέσης ἀποτομὴ πρώτη ἡ ΑΒ, ῥητὴ δὲ ἡ ΓΔ, καὶ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΒ ἴσον παρὰ τὴν ΓΔ παραβεβλήσθω τὸ ΓΕ πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΓΖ· λέγω, ὅτι ἡ ΓΖ ἀποτομή ἐστι δευτέρα.
Let AB be a first medial apotome, and GD a rational straight line, and let there be applied to GD the rectangle GE equal to the square on AB, producing as breadth GZ; I say that GZ is a second apotome.
ἔστω γὰρ τῇ ΑΒ προσαρμόζουσα ἡ ΒΗ· αἱ ἄρα ΑΗ, ΗΒ μέσαι εἰσὶ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι ῥητὸν περιέχουσαι.
For let BH be the annex to AB; therefore AH, HB are medial straight lines commensurable in square only, containing a rational rectangle.
καὶ τῷ μὲν ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΗ ἴσον παρὰ τὴν ΓΔ παραβεβλήσθω τὸ ΓΘ πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΓΚ, τῷ δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς ΗΒ ἴσον τὸ ΚΛ πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΚΜ· ὅλον ἄρα τὸ ΓΛ ἴσον ἐστὶ τοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΗ, ΗΒ· μέσον ἄρα καὶ τὸ ΓΛ. καὶ παρὰ ῥητὴν τὴν ΓΔ παράκειται πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΓΜ· ῥητὴ ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΓΜ καὶ ἀσύμμετρος τῇ ΓΔ μήκει.
And let there be applied to GD the rectangle GT equal to the square on AH, producing as breadth GK, and let the rectangle KL equal to the square on HB [be applied to GD], producing as breadth KM; therefore the whole GL is equal to the sum of the squares on AH, HB; therefore GL is also medial. And it is applied to the rational straight line GD, producing as breadth GM; therefore GM is rational and incommensurable in length with GD.
καὶ ἐπεὶ τὸ ΓΛ ἴσον ἐστὶ τοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΗ, ΗΒ, ὧν τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΒ ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ ΓΕ, λοιπὸν ἄρα τὸ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΗ, ΗΒ ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ ΖΛ. ῥητὸν δὲ τὸ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΗ, ΗΒ· ῥητὸν ἄρα τὸ ΖΛ. καὶ παρὰ ῥητὴν τὴν ΖΕ παράκειται πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΖΜ· ῥητὴ ἄρα ἐστὶ καὶ ἡ ΖΜ καὶ σύμμετρος τῇ ΓΔ μήκει.
And since GL is equal to the sum of the squares on AH, HB, of which the square on AB is equal to GE, therefore the remainder twice the rectangle contained by AH, HB is equal to ZL. And twice the rectangle contained by AH, HB is rational; therefore ZL is rational. And it is applied to the rational straight line ZE, producing as breadth ZM; therefore ZM is also rational and commensurable in length with GD.
ἐπεὶ οὖν τὰ μὲν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΗ, ΗΒ, τουτέστι τὸ ΓΛ, μέσον ἐστίν, τὸ δὲ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΗ, ΗΒ, τουτέστι τὸ ΖΛ, ῥητόν, ἀσύμμετρον ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ ΓΛ τῷ ΖΛ. ὡς δὲ τὸ ΓΛ πρὸς τὸ ΖΛ, οὕτως ἐστὶν ἡ ΓΜ πρὸς τὴν ΖΜ· ἀσύμμετρος ἄρα ἡ ΓΜ τῇ ΖΜ μήκει.
Since therefore the squares on AH, HB, that is, GL, is medial, while twice the rectangle contained by AH, HB, that is, ZL, is rational, therefore GL is incommensurable with ZL. And as GL is to ZL, so is GM to ZM; therefore GM is incommensurable in length with ZM.
καί εἰσιν ἀμφότεραι ῥηταί· αἱ ἄρα ΓΜ, ΜΖ ῥηταί εἰσι δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι· ἡ ΓΖ ἄρα ἀποτομή ἐστιν.
And both are rational; therefore GM, MZ are rational straight lines commensurable in square only; therefore GZ is an apotome.
λέγω δή, ὅτι καὶ δευτέρα.
I say then that it is also a second apotome.
τετμήσθω γὰρ ἡ ΖΜ δίχα κατὰ τὸ Ν, καὶ ἤχθω διὰ τοῦ Ν τῇ ΓΔ παράλληλος ἡ ΝΞ· ἑκάτερον ἄρα τῶν ΖΞ, ΝΛ ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΗ, ΗΒ. καὶ ἐπεὶ τῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΗ, ΗΒ τετραγώνων μέσον ἀνάλογόν ἐστι τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΗ, ΗΒ, καί ἐστιν ἴσον τὸ μὲν ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΗ τῷ ΓΘ, τὸ δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΗ, ΗΒ τῷ ΝΛ, τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς ΒΗ τῷ ΚΛ, καὶ τῶν ΓΘ, ΚΛ ἄρα μέσον ἀνάλογόν ἐστι τὸ ΝΛ·
For let ZM be bisected at N, and let NX be drawn through N parallel to GD; therefore each of ZX, NL is equal to the rectangle contained by AH, HB. And since the rectangle contained by AH, HB is a mean proportional between the squares on AH, HB, and the square on AH is equal to GT, and the rectangle contained by AH, HB is equal to NL, and the square on BH is equal to KL, therefore NL is also a mean proportional between GT, KL; therefore, as GT is to NL, so is NL to KL.
ἔστιν ἄρα ὡς τὸ ΓΘ πρὸς τὸ ΝΛ, οὕτως τὸ ΝΛ πρὸς τὸ ΚΛ. ἀλλʼ ὡς μὲν τὸ ΓΘ πρὸς τὸ ΝΛ, οὕτως ἐστὶν ἡ ΓΚ πρὸς τὴν ΝΜ, ὡς δὲ τὸ ΝΛ πρὸς τὸ ΚΛ, οὕτως ἐστὶν ἡ ΝΜ πρὸς τὴν ΜΚ· ὡς ἄρα ἡ ΓΚ πρὸς τὴν ΝΜ, οὕτως ἐστὶν ἡ ΝΜ πρὸς τὴν ΚΜ·
But as GT is to NL, so is GK to NM, and as NL is to KL, so is NM to MK; therefore, as GK is to NM, so is NM to KM; therefore the rectangle contained by GK, KM is equal to the square on NM, that is, to the fourth part of the square on ZM.
τὸ ἄρα ὑπὸ τῶν ΓΚ, ΚΜ ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΝΜ, τουτέστι τῷ τετάρτῳ μέρει τοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς ΖΜ. ἐπεὶ οὖν δύο εὐθεῖαι ἄνισοί εἰσιν αἱ ΓΜ, ΜΖ, καὶ τῷ τετάρτῳ μέρει τοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς ΜΖ ἴσον παρὰ τὴν μείζονα τὴν ΓΜ παραβέβληται ἐλλεῖπον εἴδει τετραγώνῳ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΓΚ, ΚΜ καὶ εἰς σύμμετρα αὐτὴν διαιρεῖ, ἡ ἄρα ΓΜ τῆς ΜΖ μεῖζον δύναται τῷ ἀπὸ συμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ μήκει.
Since therefore GM, MZ are two unequal straight lines, and the rectangle contained by GK, KM, equal to the fourth part of the square on MZ, has been applied to the greater GM, deficient by a square figure, and divides it into commensurable parts, therefore GM is greater in square than MZ by the square on a straight line commensurable in length with itself.
καί ἐστιν ἡ προσαρμόζουσα ἡ ΖΜ σύμμετρος μήκει τῇ ἐκκειμένῃ ῥητῇ τῇ ΓΔ· ἡ ἄρα ΓΖ ἀποτομή ἐστι δευτέρα.
And the annex ZM is commensurable in length with the set-out rational straight line GD; therefore GZ is a second apotome.
τὸ ἄρα ἀπὸ μέσης ἀποτομῆς πρώτης παρὰ ῥητὴν παραβαλλόμενον πλάτος ποιεῖ ἀποτομὴν δευτέραν· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Therefore the square on a first medial apotome applied to a rational straight line produces as breadth a second apotome; which was to be proved.