§10.prop2.71ῥητοῦ καὶ μέσου συντιθεμένου τέσσαρες ἄλογοι γίγνονται ἤτοι ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων ἢ ἐκ δύο μέσων πρώτη ἢ μείζων ἢ ῥητὸν καὶ μέσον δυναμένη.
If a rational and a medial area be added together, four irrational straight lines arise, namely a binomial, a first bimedial, a major, or that which produces a rational and a medial area.
ἔστω ῥητὸν μὲν τὸ ΑΒ, μέσον δὲ τὸ ΓΔ· λέγω, ὅτι ἡ τὸ ΑΔ χωρίον δυναμένη ἤτοι ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων ἐστὶν ἢ ἐκ δύο μέσων πρώτη ἢ μείζων ἢ ῥητὸν καὶ μέσον δυναμένη.
Let AB be rational, and GD medial; I say that the side of the area AD is either a binomial, a first bimedial, a major, or that which produces a rational and a medial area.
τὸ γὰρ ΑΒ τοῦ ΓΔ ἤτοι μεῖζόν ἐστιν ἢ ἔλασσον.
For AB is either greater or less than GD.
ἔστω πρότερον μεῖζον· καὶ ἐκκείσθω ῥητὴ ἡ ΕΖ, καὶ παραβεβλήσθω παρὰ τὴν ΕΖ τῷ ΑΒ ἴσον τὸ ΕΗ πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΕΘ·
First, let it be greater; and let a rational straight line EZ be set out, and let there be applied along EZ the rectangle EH equal to AB, making the width EQ, and let QI equal to DG be applied along EZ, making the width QK.
τῷ δὲ ΔΓ ἴσον παρὰ τὴν ΕΖ παραβεβλήσθω τὸ ΘΙ πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΘΚ. καὶ ἐπεὶ ῥητόν ἐστι τὸ ΑΒ καί ἐστιν ῥητόν ἐστι τὸ ΑΒ καί ἐστιν ἴσον τῷ ΕΗ, ῥητὸν ἄρα καὶ τὸ ΕΗ. καὶ παρὰ τὴν ΕΖ παραβέβληται πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΕΘ· ἡ ΕΘ ἄρα ῥητή ἐστι καὶ σύμμετρος τῇ ΕΖ μήκει.
And since AB is rational and AB is rational, and it is equal to EH, EH is also rational. And it has been applied along the rational straight line EZ, making the width EQ; therefore EQ is rational and commensurable in length with EZ.
πάλιν, ἐπεὶ μέσον ἐστὶ τὸ ΓΔ καί ἐστιν ἴσον τῷ ΘΙ, μέσον ἄρα ἐστὶ καὶ τὸ ΘΙ. καὶ παρὰ ῥητὴν τὴν ΕΖ παράκειται πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΘΚ· ῥητὴ ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΘΚ καὶ ἀσύμμετρος τῇ ΕΖ μήκει.
Again, since GD is medial and is equal to QI, QI is also medial. And it is applied along the rational straight line EZ, making the width QK; therefore QK is rational and incommensurable in length with EZ.
καὶ ἐπεὶ μέσον ἐστὶ τὸ ΓΔ, ῥητὸν δὲ τὸ ΑΒ, ἀσύμμετρον ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ ΑΒ τῷ ΓΔ· ὥστε καὶ τὸ ΕΗ ἀσύμμετρόν ἐστι τῷ ΘΙ. ὡς δὲ τὸ ΕΗ πρὸς τὸ ΘΙ, οὕτως ἐστὶν ἡ ΕΘ πρὸς τὴν ΘΚ· ἀσύμμετρος ἄρα ἐστὶ καὶ ἡ ΕΘ τῇ ΘΚ μήκει.
And since GD is medial, and AB is rational, therefore AB is incommensurable with GD; so that EH is also incommensurable with QI. But as EH is to QI, so is EQ to QK; therefore EQ is also incommensurable in length with QK.
καί εἰσιν ἀμφότεραι ῥηταί· αἱ ΕΘ, ΘΚ ἄρα ῥηταί εἰσι δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι· ἐκ δύο ἄρα ὀνομάτων ἐστὶν ἡ ΕΚ διῃρημένη κατὰ τὸ Θ. καὶ ἐπεὶ μεῖζόν ἐστι τὸ ΑΒ τοῦ ΓΔ, ἴσον δὲ τὸ μὲν ΑΒ τῷ ΕΗ, τὸ δὲ ΓΔ τῷ ΘΙ, μεῖζον ἄρα καὶ τὸ ΕΗ τοῦ ΘΙ·
And both are rational; therefore EQ, QK are rational straight lines commensurable in square only; therefore EK is a binomial straight line divided at Q. And since AB is greater than GD, and AB is equal to EH, and GD to QI, therefore EH is also greater than QI; so that EQ is also greater than QK.
καὶ ἡ ΕΘ ἄρα μείζων ἐστὶ τῆς ΘΚ. ἤτοι οὖν ἡ ΕΘ τῆς ΘΚ μεῖζον δύναται τῷ ἀπὸ συμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ μήκει ἢ τῷ ἀπὸ ἀσυμμέτρου.
Therefore EQ is able to do more than QK either by the square on a straight line commensurable with itself in length or by the square on a straight line incommensurable with itself.
δυνάσθω πρότερον τῷ ἀπὸ συμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ.
First, let it be able to do more by the square on a straight line commensurable with itself.
καί ἐστιν ἡ μείζων ἡ ΘΕ σύμμετρος τῇ ἐκκειμένῃ ῥητῇ τῇ ΕΖ· ἡ ἄρα ΕΚ ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων ἐστὶ πρώτη.
And the greater, QE, is commensurable with the set-out rational straight line EZ; therefore EK is a first binomial.
ῥητὴ δὲ ἡ ΕΖ· ἐὰν δὲ χωρίον περιέχηται ὑπὸ ῥητῆς καὶ τῆς ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων πρώτης, ἡ τὸ χωρίον δυναμένη ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων ἐστίν.
And EZ is rational; and if an area be contained by a rational straight line and a first binomial, the side of the area is a binomial.
ἡ ἄρα τὸ ΕΙ δυναμένη ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων ἐστίν· ὥστε καὶ ἡ τὸ ΑΔ δυναμένη ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων ἐστίν.
Therefore the side of EI is a binomial; so that the side of AD is also a binomial.
ἀλλὰ δὴ δυνάσθω ἡ ΕΘ τῆς ΘΚ μεῖζον τῷ ἀπὸ ἀσυμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ· καί ἐστιν ἡ μείζων ἡ ΕΘ σύμμετρος τῇ ἐκκειμένῃ ῥητῇ τῇ ΕΖ μήκει· ἡ ἄρα ΕΚ ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων ἐστὶ τετάρτη.
But indeed let EQ be able to do more than QK by the square on a straight line incommensurable with itself; and the greater, EQ, is commensurable in length with the set-out rational straight line EZ; therefore EK is a fourth binomial.
ῥητὴ δὲ ἡ ΕΖ· ἐὰν δὲ χωρίον περιέχηται ὑπὸ ῥητῆς καὶ τῆς ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων τετάρτης, ἡ τὸ χωρίον δυναμένη ἄλογός ἐστιν ἡ καλουμένη μείζων.
And EZ is rational; and if an area be contained by a rational straight line and a fourth binomial, the side of the area is the irrational straight line called major.
ἡ ἄρα τὸ ΕΙ χωρίον δυναμένη μείζων ἐστίν· ὥστε καὶ ἡ τὸ ΑΔ δυναμένη μείζων ἐστίν.
Therefore the side of the area EI is a major; so that the side of AD is also a major.
ἀλλὰ δὴ ἔστω ἔλασσον τὸ ΑΒ τοῦ ΓΔ· καὶ τὸ ΕΗ ἄρα ἔλασσόν ἐστι τοῦ ΘΙ· ὥστε καὶ ἡ ΕΘ ἐλάσσων ἐστὶ τῆς ΘΚ. ἤτοι δὲ ἡ ΘΚ τῆς ΕΘ μεῖζον δύναται τῷ ἀπὸ συμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ ἢ τῷ ἀπὸ ἀσυμμέτρου.
But indeed let AB be less than GD; therefore EH is also less than QI; so that EQ is also less than QK. And either QK is able to do more than EQ by the square on a straight line commensurable with itself or by the square on a straight line incommensurable with itself.
δυνάσθω πρότερον τῷ ἀπὸ συμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ μήκει· καί ἐστιν ἡ ἐλάσσων ἡ ΕΘ σύμμετρος τῇ ἐκκειμένῃ ῥητῇ τῇ ΕΖ μήκει· ἡ ἄρα ΕΚ ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων ἐστὶ δευτέρα.
First, let it be able to do more by the square on a straight line commensurable with itself in length; and the less, EQ, is commensurable in length with the set-out rational straight line EZ; therefore EK is a second binomial.
ῥητὴ δὲ ἡ ΕΖ· ἐὰν δὲ χωρίον περιέχηται ὑπὸ ῥητῆς καὶ τῆς ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων δευτέρας, ἡ τὸ χωρίον δυναμένη ἐκ δύο μέσων ἐστὶ πρώτη.
And EZ is rational; and if an area be contained by a rational straight line and a second binomial, the side of the area is a first bimedial.
ἡ ἄρα τὸ ΕΙ χωρίον δυναμένη ἐκ δύο μέσων ἐστὶ πρώτη· ὥστε καὶ ἡ τὸ ΑΔ δυναμένη ἐκ δύο μέσων ἐστὶ πρώτη.
Therefore the side of the area EI is a first bimedial; so that the side of AD is also a first bimedial.
ἀλλὰ δὴ ἡ ΘΚ τῆς ΘΕ μεῖζον δυνάσθω τῷ ἀπὸ ἀσυμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ. καί ἐστιν ἡ ἐλάσσων ἡ ΕΘ σύμμετρος τῇ ἐκκειμένῃ ῥητῇ τῇ ΕΖ· ἡ ἄρα ΕΚ ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων ἐστὶ πέμπτη.
But indeed let QK be able to do more than QE by the square on a straight line incommensurable with itself; and the less, EQ, is commensurable with the set-out rational straight line EZ; therefore EK is a fifth binomial.
ῥητὴ δὲ ἡ ΕΖ· ἐὰν δὲ χωρίον περιέχηται ὑπὸ ῥητῆς καὶ τῆς ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων πέμπτης, ἡ τὸ χωρίον δυναμένη ῥητὸν καὶ μέσον δυναμένη ἐστίν.
And EZ is rational; and if an area be contained by a rational straight line and a fifth binomial, the side of the area is that which produces a rational and a medial area.
ἡ ἄρα τὸ ΕΙ χωρίον δυναμένη ῥητὸν καὶ μέσον δυναμένη ἐστίν· ὥστε καὶ ἡ τὸ ΑΔ χωρίον δυναμένη ῥητὸν καὶ μέσον δυναμένη ἐστίν.
Therefore the side of the area EI is that which produces a rational and a medial area; so that the side of the area AD is also that which produces a rational and a medial area.
ῥητοῦ ἄρα καὶ μέσου συντιθεμένου τέσσαρες ἄλογοι γίγνονται ἤτοι ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων ἢ ἐκ δύο μέσων πρώτη ἢ μείζων ἢ ῥητὸν καὶ μέσον δυναμένη· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Therefore, if a rational and a medial area be added together, four irrational straight lines arise, namely a binomial, a first bimedial, a major, or that which produces a rational and a medial area; which was to be proved.