§10.prop2.60τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων παρὰ ῥητὴν παραβαλλόμενον πλάτος ποιεῖ τὴν ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων πρώτην.
The square on a binomial straight line applied to a rational straight line produces as breadth a first binomial straight line.
ἔστω ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων ἡ ΑΒ διῃρημένη εἰς τὰ ὀνόματα κατὰ τὸ Γ, ὥστε τὸ μεῖζον ὄνομα εἶναι τὸ ΑΓ, καὶ ἐκκείσθω ῥητὴ ἡ ΔΕ, καὶ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΒ ἴσον παρὰ τὴν ΔΕ παραβεβλήσθω τὸ ΔΕΖΗ πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΔΗ· λέγω, ὅτι ἡ ΔΗ ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων ἐστὶ πρώτη.
Let AB be a binomial straight line divided into its terms at C, so that the greater term is AC; and let the rational straight line DE be set out, and let there be applied to DE the rectangle DEZH equal to the square on AB, producing DH as breadth; I say that DH is a first binomial straight line.
παραβεβλήσθω γὰρ παρὰ τὴν ΔΕ τῷ μὲν ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΓ ἴσον τὸ ΔΘ, τῷ δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς ΒΓ ἴσον τὸ ΚΛ· λοιπὸν ἄρα τὸ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ ΜΖ. τετμήσθω ἡ ΜΗ δίχα κατὰ τὸ Ν, καὶ παράλληλος ἤχθω ἡ ΝΞ. ἑκάτερον ἄρα τῶν ΜΞ, ΝΖ ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ ἅπαξ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓΒ. καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων ἐστὶν ἡ ΑΒ διῃρημένη εἰς τὰ ὀνόματα κατὰ τὸ Γ, αἱ ΑΓ, ΓΒ ἄρα ῥηταί εἰσι δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι· τὰ ἄρα ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ ῥητά ἐστι καὶ σύμμετρα ἀλλήλοις·
For let there be applied to DE the rectangle DΘ equal to the square on AC, and the rectangle KL equal to the square on BC; therefore the remainder, twice the rectangle contained by AC, CB, is equal to MZ. Let MH be bisected at N, and let NX be drawn parallel; therefore each of the rectangles MX, NZ is equal to once the rectangle contained by AC, CB. And since AB is a binomial straight line divided into its terms at C, therefore AC, CB are rational straight lines commensurable in square only; therefore the squares on AC, CB are rational and commensurable with one another.
ὥστε καὶ τὸ συγκείμενον ἐκ τῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ. καί ἐστιν ἴσον τῷ ΔΛ· ῥητὸν ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ ΔΛ. καὶ παρὰ ῥητὴν τὴν ΔΕ παράκειται· ῥητὴ ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΔΜ καὶ σύμμετρος τῇ ΔΕ μήκει.
Therefore the sum of the squares on AC, CB is also rational; and it is equal to DL; therefore DL is rational. And it is applied to the rational straight line DE; therefore DM is rational and commensurable in length with DE.
πάλιν, ἐπεὶ αἱ ΑΓ, ΓΒ ῥηταί εἰσι δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι, μέσον ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ, τουτέστι τὸ ΜΖ. καὶ παρὰ ῥητὴν τὴν ΜΛ παράκειται· ῥητὴ ἄρα καὶ ἡ ΜΗ ἐστι καὶ ἀσύμμετρος τῇ ΜΛ, τουτέστι τῇ ΔΕ, μήκει.
Again, since AC, CB are rational straight lines commensurable in square only, therefore twice the rectangle contained by AC, CB, that is, MZ, is medial. And it is applied to the rational straight line ML; therefore MH is also rational and incommensurable in length with ML, that is, with DE.
ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἡ ΜΔ ῥητὴ καὶ τῇ ΔΕ μήκει σύμμετρος· ἀσύμμετρος ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΔΜ τῇ ΜΗ μήκει.
And MD is also rational and commensurable in length with DE; therefore DM is incommensurable in length with MH.
καί εἰσι ῥηταί· αἱ ΔΜ, ΜΗ ἄρα ῥηταί εἰσι δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι· ἐκ δύο ἄρα ὀνομάτων ἐστὶν ἡ ΔΗ.
δεικτέον δή, ὅτι καὶ πρώτη.
And they are rational; therefore DM, MH are rational straight lines commensurable in square only; therefore DH is a binomial straight line. We must then prove that it is also a first binomial straight line.
ἐπεὶ τῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ μέσον ἀνάλογόν ἐστι τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓΒ, καὶ τῶν ΔΘ, ΚΛ ἄρα μέσον ἀνάλογόν ἐστι τὸ ΜΞ. ἔστιν ἄρα ὡς τὸ ΔΘ πρὸς τὸ ΜΞ, οὕτως τὸ ΜΞ πρὸς τὸ ΚΛ, τουτέστιν ὡς ἡ ΔΚ πρὸς τὴν ΜΝ, ἡ ΜΝ πρὸς τὴν ΜΚ· τὸ ἄρα ὑπὸ τῶν ΔΚ, ΚΜ ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΜΝ. καὶ ἐπεὶ σύμμετρόν ἐστι τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΓ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΓΒ, σύμμετρόν ἐστι καὶ τὸ ΔΘ τῷ ΚΛ· ὥστε καὶ ἡ ΔΚ τῇ ΚΜ σύμμετρός ἐστιν.
Since the rectangle contained by AC, CB is a mean proportional between the squares on AC, CB, therefore MX is also a mean proportional between DΘ, KL. Therefore, as DΘ is to MX, so is MX to KL, that is, as DK is to MN, so is MN to MK; therefore the rectangle contained by DK, KM is equal to the square on MN. And since the square on AC is commensurable with the square on CB, DΘ is also commensurable with KL; so that DK is also commensurable with KM.
καὶ ἐπεὶ μείζονά ἐστι τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ τοῦ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ, μεῖζον ἄρα καὶ τὸ ΔΛ τοῦ ΜΖ· ὥστε καὶ ἡ ΔΜ τῆς ΜΗ μείζων ἐστίν.
And since the sum of the squares on AC, CB is greater than twice the rectangle contained by AC, CB, therefore DL is also greater than MZ; so that DM is also greater than MH.
καί ἐστιν ἴσον τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΔΚ, ΚΜ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΜΝ, τουτέστι τῷ τετάρτῳ τοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς ΜΗ, καὶ σύμμετρος ἡ ΔΚ τῇ ΚΜ. ἐὰν δὲ ὦσι δύο εὐθεῖαι ἄνισοι, τῷ δὲ τετάρτῳ μέρει τοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς ἐλάσσονος ἴσον παρὰ τὴν μείζονα παραβληθῇ ἐλλεῖπον εἴδει τετραγώνῳ καὶ εἰς σύμμετρα αὐτὴν διαιρῇ, ἡ μείζων τῆς ἐλάσσονος μεῖζον δύναται τῷ ἀπὸ συμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ· ἡ ΔΜ ἄρα τῆς ΜΗ μεῖζον δύναται τῷ ἀπὸ συμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ.
And the rectangle contained by DK, KM is equal to the square on MN, that is, to the fourth part of the square on MH, and DK is commensurable with KM. But if there be two unequal straight lines, and to the greater there be applied a rectangle equal to the fourth part of the square on the less and deficient by a square figure, and if it divide it into parts which are commensurable, the square on the greater is greater than the square on the less by the square on a straight line commensurable with the greater; therefore the square on DM is greater than the square on MH by the square on a straight line commensurable with DM.
καί εἰσι ῥηταὶ αἱ ΔΜ, ΜΗ, καὶ ἡ ΔΜ μεῖζον ὄνομα σύμμετρός ἐστι τῇ ἐκκειμένῃ ῥητῇ τῇ ΔΕ μήκει.
And DM, MH are rational, and DM, which is the greater term, is commensurable in length with the rational straight line DE set out.
ἡ ΔΗ ἄρα ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων ἐστὶ πρώτη· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Therefore DH is a first binomial straight line; which was to be proved.