§10.prop2.51εὑρεῖν τὴν ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων τετάρτην.
To find the fourth binomial straight line.
Ἐκκείσθωσαν δύο ἀριθμοὶ οἱ ΑΓ, ΓΒ, ὥστε τὸν ΑΒ πρὸς τὸν ΒΓ λόγον μὴ ἔχειν μήτε μὴν πρὸς τὸν ΑΓ, ὃν τετράγωνος ἀριθμὸς πρὸς τετράγωνον ἀριθμόν.
Let two numbers AC, CB be set out such that AB has to BC, nor indeed to AC, the ratio which a square number has to a square number.
καὶ ἐκκείσθω ῥητὴ ἡ Δ, καὶ τῇ Δ σύμμετρος ἔστω μήκει ἡ ΕΖ·
And let a rational straight line D be set out, and let EZ be commensurable in length with D.
ῥητὴ ἄρα ἐστὶ καὶ ἡ ΕΖ. καὶ γεγονέτω ὡς ὁ ΒΑ ἀριθμὸς πρὸς τὸν ΑΓ, οὕτως τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΕΖ πρὸς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΖΗ·
Therefore EZ is also rational. And let it be made that, as the number BA is to AC, so is the square on EZ to the square on ZH.
σύμμετρον ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΕΖ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΖΗ·
Therefore the square on EZ is commensurable with the square on ZH.
ῥητὴ ἄρα ἐστὶ καὶ ἡ ΖΗ. καὶ ἐπεὶ ὁ ΒΑ πρὸς τὸν ΑΓ λόγον οὐκ ἔχει, ὃν τετράγωνος ἀριθμὸς πρὸς τετράγωνον ἀριθμόν, οὐδὲ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΕΖ πρὸς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΖΗ λόγον ἔχει, ὃν τετράγωνος ἀριθμὸς πρὸς τετράγωνον ἀριθμόν·
Therefore ZH is also rational. And since BA has not to AC the ratio which a square number has to a square number, neither has the square on EZ to the square on ZH the ratio which a square number has to a square number.
ἀσύμμετρος ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΕΖ τῇ ΖΗ μήκει.
Therefore EZ is incommensurable in length with ZH.
αἱ ΕΖ, ΖΗ ἄρα ῥηταί εἰσι δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι· ὥστε ἡ ΕΗ ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων ἐστίν.
Therefore EZ, ZH are rational straight lines commensurable in square only; so that EH is a binomial straight line.
λέγω δή, ὅτι καὶ τετάρτη.
I say then that it is also a fourth binomial.
ἐπεὶ γάρ ἐστιν ὡς ὁ ΒΑ πρὸς τὸν ΑΓ, οὕτως τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΕΖ πρὸς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΖΗ, μεῖζον ἄρα τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΕΖ τοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς ΖΗ. ἔστω οὖν τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΕΖ ἴσα τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΖΗ, Θ·
For since as BA is to AC, so is the square on EZ to the square on ZH, therefore the square on EZ is greater than the square on ZH. Let then the squares on ZH, T be equal to the square on EZ.
ἀναστρέψαντι ἄρα ὡς ὁ ΑΒ ἀριθμὸς πρὸς τὸν ΒΓ, οὕτως τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΕΖ πρὸς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς Θ. ὁ δὲ ΑΒ πρὸς τὸν ΒΓ λόγον οὐκ ἔχει, ὃν τετράγωνος ἀριθμὸς πρὸς τετράγωνον ἀριθμόν· οὐδʼ ἄρα τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΕΖ πρὸς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς Θ λόγον ἔχει, ὃν τετράγωνος ἀριθμὸς πρὸς τετράγωνον ἀριθμόν.
Therefore, by conversion, as the number AB is to BC, so is the square on EZ to the square on T. But AB has not to BC the ratio which a square number has to a square number; therefore neither has the square on EZ to the square on T the ratio which a square number has to a square number.
ἀσύμμετρος ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΕΖ τῇ Θ μήκει·
Therefore EZ is incommensurable in length with T.
ἡ ΕΖ ἄρα τῆς ΗΖ μεῖζον δύναται τῷ ἀπὸ ἀσυμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ.
Therefore EZ is greater in square than HZ by the square on a straight line incommensurable in length with itself.
καί εἰσιν αἱ ΕΖ, ΖΗ ῥηταὶ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι, καὶ ἡ ΕΖ τῇ Δ σύμμετρός ἐστι μήκει.
And EZ, ZH are rational straight lines commensurable in square only, and EZ is commensurable in length with D.
ἡ ΕΗ ἄρα ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων ἐστὶ τετάρτη· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Therefore EH is a fourth binomial straight line; which was to be proved.
§10.prop2.52εὑρεῖν τὴν ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων πέμπτην.
To find the fifth binomial straight line.
Ἐκκείσθωσαν δύο ἀριθμοὶ οἱ ΑΓ, ΓΒ, ὥστε τὸν ΑΒ πρὸς ἑκάτερον αὐτῶν λόγον μὴ ἔχειν, ὃν τετράγωνος ἀριθμὸς πρὸς τετράγωνον ἀριθμόν, καὶ ἐκκείσθω ῥητή τις εὐθεῖα ἡ Δ, καὶ τῇ Δ σύμμετρος ἔστω ἡ ΕΖ·
Let two numbers AC, CB be set out such that AB has not to each of them the ratio which a square number has to a square number, and let a certain rational straight line D be set out, and let EZ be commensurable with D.
ῥητὴ ἄρα ἡ ΕΖ. καὶ γεγονέτω ὡς ὁ ΓΑ πρὸς τὸν ΑΒ, οὕτως τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΕΖ πρὸς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΖΗ. ὁ δὲ ΓΑ πρὸς τὸν ΑΒ λόγον οὐκ ἔχει, ὃν τετράγωνος ἀριθμὸς πρὸς τετράγωνον ἀριθμόν· οὐδὲ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΕΖ ἄρα πρὸς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΖΗ λόγον ἔχει, ὃν τετράγωνος ἀριθμὸς πρὸς τετράγωνον ἀριθμόν.
Therefore EZ is rational. And let it be made that, as CA is to AB, so is the square on EZ to the square on ZH. But CA has not to AB the ratio which a square number has to a square number; therefore neither has the square on EZ to the square on ZH the ratio which a square number has to a square number.
αἱ ΕΖ, ΖΗ ἄρα ῥηταί εἰσι δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι· ἐκ δύο ἄρα ὀνομάτων ἐστὶν ἡ ΕΗ.
λέγω δή, ὅτι καὶ πέμπτη.
Therefore EZ, ZH are rational straight lines commensurable in square only; therefore EH is a binomial straight line. I say then that it is also a fifth binomial.
ἐπεὶ γάρ ἐστιν ὡς ὁ ΓΑ πρὸς τὸν ΑΒ, οὕτως τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΕΖ πρὸς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΖΗ, ἀνάπαλιν ὡς ὁ ΒΑ πρὸς τὸν ΑΓ, οὕτως τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΖΗ πρὸς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΖΕ·
For since as CA is to AB, so is the square on EZ to the square on ZH, inversely, as BA is to AC, so is the square on ZH to the square on ZE.
μεῖζον ἄρα τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΗΖ τοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς ΖΕ. ἔστω οὖν τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΗΖ ἴσα τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΕΖ, Θ·
Therefore the square on HZ is greater than the square on ZE. Let then the squares on EZ, T be equal to the square on HZ.
ἀναστρέψαντι ἄρα ἐστὶν ὡς ὁ ΑΒ ἀριθμὸς πρὸς τὸν ΒΓ, οὕτως τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΗΖ πρὸς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς Θ. ὁ δὲ ΑΒ πρὸς τὸν ΒΓ λόγον οὐκ ἔχει, ὃν τετράγωνος ἀριθμὸς πρὸς τετράγωνον ἀριθμόν·
Therefore, by conversion, as the number AB is to BC, so is the square on HZ to the square on T.
οὐδʼ ἄρα τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΖΗ πρὸς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς Θ λόγον ἔχει, ὃν τετράγωνος ἀριθμὸς πρὸς τετράγωνον ἀριθμόν.
But AB has not to BC the ratio which a square number has to a square number; therefore neither has the square on ZH to the square on T the ratio which a square number has to a square number.
ἀσύμμετρος ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΖΗ τῇ Θ μήκει· ὥστε ἡ ΖΗ τῆς ΖΕ μεῖζον δύναται τῷ ἀπὸ ἀσυμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ.
Therefore ZH is incommensurable in length with T; so that ZH is greater in square than ZE by the square on a straight line incommensurable in length with itself.
καί εἰσιν αἱ ΗΖ, ΖΕ ῥηταὶ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι καὶ τὸ ΕΖ ἔλαττον ὄνομα σύμμετρόν ἐστι τῇ ἐκκειμένῃ ῥητῇ τῇ Δ μήκει.
And HZ, ZE are rational straight lines commensurable in square only, and EZ, the lesser term, is commensurable in length with the set-out rational straight line D.
ἡ ΕΗ ἄρα ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων ἐστὶ πέμπτη· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Therefore EH is a fifth binomial straight line; which was to be proved.