§1## ΠΕΡΙ ΔΙΑΙΤΗΣ ΥΓΙΕΙΝΗΣ.
1.
## On Regimen in Health. 1.
Τοὺς ἰδιώτας ὧδε χρὴ διαιτᾶσθαι· τοῦ μὲν χειμῶνος ἐσθίειν ὡς πλεῖστα, πίνειν δ’ ὡς ἐλάχιστα, εἶναι δὲ τὸ πόμα οἶνον ὡς ἀκρητέστατον, τὰ δὲ σιτία ἄρτον καὶ τὰ ὄψα ὀπτὰ πάντα, λαχάνοισι δὲ ὡς ἐλαχίστοισι χρέεσθαι κατὰ ταύτην τὴν ὥρην· οὕτω γὰρ ἂν μάλιστα τὸ σῶμα ξηρόν τε εἴη καὶ θερμόν.
Laymen should regulate their lives in the following way: in winter, they should eat as much as possible and drink as little as possible, and the drink should be wine as undiluted as possible, and the food should be bread and all the main dishes roasted, and they should use as few vegetables as possible at this season; for in this way the body would be most dry and warm.
Ὁκόταν δὲ τὸ ἔαρ ἐπιλαμβάνῃ, τότε χρὴ πόμα πλέον πίνειν οἶνον ὑδαρέστερον καὶ κατ’ ὀλίγον, καὶ τοῖσι σιτίοισι μαλακωτέροισι χρέεσθαι καὶ ἐλάσσοσι, καὶ τὸν ἄρτον ἀφαιρέοντα μάζαν προστιθέναι, καὶ τὰ ὄψα κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον ἀφαιρέειν, καὶ ἐκ τῶν ὀπτῶν πάντα ἑφθὰ ποιέεσθαι, καὶ λαχάνοισιν ἤδη χρέεσθαι τοῦ ἦρος ὀλίγοισιν, ὅκως ἐς τὴν θερίην καταστήσεται ὥνθρωπος τοῖσί τε σιτίοισι μαλακωτέροισι χρεόμενος καὶ τοῖσιν ὄψοισιν ἑφθοῖσι καὶ λαχάνοισιν ἑφθοῖσι καὶ ὠμοῖσιν· ὡσαύτως καὶ τοῖσι πόμασιν, ὡς ὑδαρεστάτοισι καὶ πλείστοισιν, ἀλλ’ ὅκως μὴ μεγάλη ἡ μεταβολὴ ἔσται κατὰ μικρὸν μὴ ἐξαπίνης χρεομένῳ.
But when spring comes, then they should drink more, wine more diluted and in small quantities, and use softer and less food, and, reducing the bread, add barley cake, and reduce the main dishes in the same proportion, and make everything boiled instead of roasted, and already use a few vegetables in spring; so that a person may transition towards summer using softer food, boiled dishes, boiled vegetables, and raw vegetables; and likewise with drinks, making them as diluted and as abundant as possible, but in such a way that the change will not be great, by using them gradually and not suddenly.
Τοῦ δὲ θέρεος τῇ τε μάζῃ μαλακῇ τρέφεσθαι καὶ τῷ ποτῷ ὑδαρέϊ καὶ πολλῷ καὶ τοῖσιν ὄψοισι πᾶσιν ἑφθοῖσιν· δεῖ γὰρ χρέεσθαι τουτέοισιν, ὁκόταν τὸ θέρος ᾖ, ὅκως ψυχρὸν ᾖ τὸ σῶμα καὶ μαλακόν· καὶ γὰρ ἡ ὥρη θερμή τε καὶ ξηρὴ, καὶ ποιέει τὰ σώματα καυματώδεα καὶ αὐχμηρά· δεῖ οὖν τοῖσιν ἐπιτηδεύμασι τουτέοισιν ἀλέξασθαι.
In summer, they should feed on soft barley cake, and a diluted and abundant drink, and all boiled dishes; for they must use these when it is summer, so that the body may be cool and soft; for indeed the season is hot and dry, and makes bodies burning and parched; one must therefore defend against these with these practices.
Κατὰ δὲ τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον, ὥσπερ ἐκ τοῦ χειμῶνος ἐς τὸ ἦρ, οὕτω καὶ ἐκ τοῦ ἦρος ἐς τὸ θέρος καταστήσεται, τῶν μὲν σιτίων ἀφαιρέων, τῷ δὲ ποτῷ προστιθείς· καὶ οὕτω τὰ ἐναντία ποιέοντα καταστῆσαι ἐκ τοῦ θέρεος ἐς τὸν χειμῶνα.
And in the same proportion as the transition was made from winter to spring, so should the transition be made from spring to summer, reducing the food and adding to the drink; and in this way, by doing the opposite, make the transition from summer to winter.
Ἐν δὲ τῷ φθινοπώρῳ πάλιν τὰ μὲν σιτία πλέω ποιεύμενον καὶ ξηρότερα καὶ τὰ ὄψα κατὰ λόγον, τὰ δὲ ποτὰ ἐλάσσω τε καὶ ἀκρητέστερα, ὅκως ὅ τε χειμὼν ἀγαθὸς ἔσται καὶ ὥνθρωπος διαχρήσεται τοῖσί τε πόμασιν ἀκρητεστέροισι καὶ ὀλίγοισι καὶ τοῖσι σιτίοισιν ὡς πλείστοισί τε καὶ ξηροτάτοισιν· οὕτω γὰρ ἂν καὶ ὑγιαίνοι μάλιστα καὶ ῥιγῴη ἤκιστα· ἡ γὰρ ὥρη λίαν ψυχρή τε καὶ ὑγρή.
In autumn, again, making the food more abundant and drier, and the dishes in proportion, and the drinks less and more undiluted, so that winter may be good and a person may spend it using more undiluted and small drinks, and food as abundant and dry as possible; for in this way they would be healthiest and feel the cold least; for the season is very cold and wet.
§22.
2.
Τοῖσι δὲ εἴδεσι τοῖσι σαρκώδεσι καὶ μαλθακοῖσι καὶ ἐρυθροῖσι ξυμφέρει δὴ τὸν πλείονα χρόνον τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ξηροτέροισι διαιτήμασι χρέεσθαι· ὑγρὴ γὰρ ἡ φύσις τῶν εἰδέων τουτέων.
For constitutions that are fleshy, soft, and ruddy, it is indeed beneficial to use drier regimens for the greater part of the year; for the nature of these constitutions is wet.
Τοὺς δὲ στρυφνοὺς καὶ προσεσταλμένους καὶ πυῤῥοὺς καὶ μέλανας τῇ ὑγροτέρῃ διαίτῃ χρὴ τὸ πλεῖον τοῦ χρόνου ἐνδιαιτᾶσθαι· τὰ γὰρ σώματα τοιαῦτα ὑπάρχει ξηρὰ ἐόντα.
But those who are lean, tense, red-haired, and dark should live for the greater part of the year on a wetter regimen; for such bodies are naturally dry.
Καὶ τοῖσι νέοισι τῶν σωμάτων ξυμφέρει μαλακωτέροισί τε καὶ ὑγροτέροισι χρέεσθαι τοῖσι διαιτήμασιν· ἡ γὰρ ἡλικίη ξηρὴ, καὶ τὰ σώματα πέπηγεν.
And for young bodies, it is beneficial to use softer and wetter regimens; for youth is dry and bodies are firm.
Τοὺς δὲ πρεσβυτέρους τῷ ξηροτέρῳ χρὴ τρόπῳ τὸ πλέον τοῦ χρόνου διάγειν· τὰ γὰρ σώματα ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ ἡλικίῃ ὑγρὰ καὶ μαλθακὰ καὶ ψυχρά.
But older people should spend the greater part of the year in a drier way; for bodies at this age are wet, soft, and cold.
Δεῖ οὖν πρὸς τὴν ἡλικίην καὶ τὴν ὥρην καὶ τὸ ἔθος καὶ τὴν χώρην καὶ τὰ εἴδεα τὰ διαιτήματα ποιέεσθαι ἐναντιούμενον τοῖσι καθισταμένοισι καὶ θάλπεσι καὶ χειμῶσιν· οὕτω γὰρ ἂν μάλιστα ὑγιαίνοιεν.
One must therefore arrange the regimens according to age, season, habit, locality, and constitution, opposing the established heat and cold; for in this way they would be healthiest.
§33.
3.
Καὶ ὁδοιπορέειν τοῦ μὲν χειμῶνος ταχέως χρὴ, τοῦ δὲ θέρεος ἡσυχῆ, ἢν μὴ διὰ καύματος ὁδοιπορέῃ· δεῖ δὲ καὶ τοὺς μὲν σαρκώδεας θᾶσσον ὁδοιπορέειν, τοὺς δὲ ἰσχνοὺς ἡσυχέστερον.
And they should walk quickly in winter, but quietly in summer, unless walking through heat; and fleshy people should walk faster, but thin people more quietly.
Λουτροῖσι δὲ χρὴ πολλοῖσι χρέεσθαι τοῦ θέρεος, τοῦ δὲ χειμῶνος ἐλάσσοσι, χρὴ δὲ τοὺς στρυφνοὺς μᾶλλον λούεσθαι τῶν σαρκωδέων.
They should use many baths in summer, but fewer in winter, and lean people should bathe more than fleshy ones.
Ἠμφιέσθαι δὲ χρὴ τοῦ μὲν χειμῶνος καθαρὰ ἱμάτια, τοῦ δὲ θέρεος ἐλαιοπινέα.
They should wear clean cloaks in winter, but oil-grimed ones in summer.