§1## ΠΕΡΙ ΤΩΝ ΕΝ ΚΕΦΑΛΗ ΤΡΩΜΑΤΩΝ.
1.
## ON WOUNDS IN THE HEAD. 1.
Τῶν ἀνθρώπων αἱ κεφαλαὶ οὐδὲν ὁμοίως σφίσιν αὐταῖς, οὐδὲ αἱ ῥαφαὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς πάντων κατὰ ταὐτὰ πεφύκασιν.
The heads of men are in no way like one another, nor do the sutures of the head of all men grow in the same way.
Ἀλλ᾿ ὅστις μὲν ἔχει ἐκ τοῦ ἔμπροσθεν τῆς κεφαλῆς προβολὴν (ἡ δὲ προβολή ἐστι τὸ τοῦ ὀστέου ἐξέχον στρογγύλον παρὰ τὸ ἄλλο), τουτέου εἰσὶν αἱ ῥαφαὶ πεφυκυῖαι ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ, ὡς γράμμα τὸ ταῦ, Τ, γράφεται· τὴν μὲν γὰρ βραχυτέρην γραμμὴν ἔχει πρὸ τῆς προβολῆς ἐπικαρσίην πεφυκυῖαν· τὴν δ᾿ ἑτέρην γραμμὴν ἔχει διὰ μέσης τῆς κεφαλῆς κατὰ μῆκος πεφυκυῖαν ἐς τὸν τράχηλον αἰεί.
But whoever has a prominence in the front part of his head (and a prominence is the round projection of the bone beyond the rest), this person has the sutures growing in his head as the letter Tau, T, is written; for he has the shorter line growing transversely in front of the prominence, and the other line growing longitudinally through the middle of the head always to the neck.
Ὅστις δ᾿ ὄπισθεν τῆς κεφαλῆς τὴν προβολὴν ἔχει, αἱ ῥαφαὶ τουτέῳ πεφύκασι τἀναντία ἢ τῷ προτέρῳ· ἡ μὲν γὰρ βραχυτέρη γραμμὴ πρὸ τῆς προβολῆς πέφυκεν ἐπικαρσίη· ἡ δὲ μακροτέρη διὰ μέσης τῇς κεφαλῆς πέφυκε κατὰ μῆκος ἐς τὸ μέτωπον αἰεί.
But whoever has the prominence at the back of the head, the sutures grow in him in the opposite way to the former; for the shorter line grows transversely in front of the prominence, and the longer line grows longitudinally through the middle of the head always to the forehead.
Ὅστις δὲ ἀμφοτέρωθεν τῆς κεφαλῆς προβολὴν ἔχει, ἐκ τε τοῦ ἔμπροσθεν καὶ ἐκ τοῦ ὄπισθεν, τουτέῳ αἱ ῥαφαί εἰσιν ὁμοίως πεφυκυῖαι ὡς γράμμα τὸ ἦτα, Η, γράφεται· πεφύκασι δὲ τῶν γραμμέων αἱ μὲν μακραὶ, πρὸ τῆς προβολῆς ἑκατέρης ἐπικάρσιαι πεφυκυῖαι· ἡ δὲ βραχείη διὰ μέσης τῆς κεφαλῆς κατὰ μῆκος πρὸς ἑκατέρην τελευτῶσα τὴν μακρὴν γραμμήν.
But whoever has a prominence on both sides of his head, both from the front and from the back, this person has the sutures growing in like manner as the letter Eta, H, is written; and of the lines, the long ones grow transversely in front of each prominence, while the short one runs longitudinally through the middle of the head, terminating at each of the long lines.
Ὅστις δὲ μηδ᾿ ἑτέρωθι μηδεμίαν προβολὴν ἔχει, οὗτος ἔχει τὰς ῥαφὰς τῆς κεφαλῆς, ὡς γράμμα τὸ χῖ, Χ, γράφεται· πεφύκασι δὲ αἱ γραμμαὶ, ἡ μὲν ἑτέρη ἐπικαρσίη πρὸς τὸν κρόταφον ἀφίκουσα· ἡ δὲ ἑτέρη, κατὰ μῆκος διὰ μέσης τῆς κεφαλῆς.
But whoever has no prominence on either side, this person has the sutures of his head as the letter Chi, X, is written; and the lines grow, the one transversely reaching to the temple, and the other longitudinally through the middle of the head.
Δίπλοον δ᾿ ἐστὶ τὸ ὐστέον κατὰ μέσην τὴν κεφαλήν· σκληρότατον δὲ καὶ πυκνότατον αὐτέου πέφυκεν τό τε ἀνώτατον, ᾗ ἡ ὁμοχροίη τοῦ ὀστέου ἡ ὑπὸ τῇ σαρκὶ, καὶ τὸ κατώτατον τὸ πρὸς τῇ μήνιγγι, ᾗ ἡ ὁμοχροίη τοῦ ὀστέου ἡ κάτω·
The bone is double in the middle of the head; and the hardest and densest part of it is both the uppermost, where the outer surface of the bone is under the flesh, and the lowermost, which is next to the membrane, where the lower surface of the bone is.
ἀποχωρέον δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀνωτάτου ὀστέου καὶ τοῦ κατωτάτου, ἀπὸ τῶν σκληροτάτων καὶ πυκνοτάτων ἐπὶ τὸ μαλθακώτερον καὶ ἧσσον πυκνὸν καὶ ἐπικοιλότερον ἐς τὴν διπλόην αἰεί.
But departing from the uppermost bone and the lowermost, from the hardest and densest parts, it always goes towards the softer, less dense, and more cavernous part into the diploe.
Ἡ δὲ διπλόη κοιλότατον καὶ μαλθακώτατον καὶ μάλιστα σηραγγῶδές ἐστιν.
The diploe is the most cavernous, softest, and most spongy part.
Ἔστι δὲ καὶ πᾶν τὸ ὀστέον τῆς κεφαλῆς, πλὴν κάρτα ὀλίγου τοῦ τε ἀνωτάτου καὶ τοῦ κατωτάτου, σπόγγῳ ὅμοιον· καὶ ἔχει τὸ ὀστέον ἐν ἑωυτῷ ὁκοῖα σαρκία πολλὰ καὶ ὑγρὰ, καὶ εἴ τις αὐτὰ διατρίβοι τοῖσι δακτύλοισιν, αἷμα ἂν διαγίγνοιτο ἐξ αὐτέων.
And indeed, the whole bone of the head, except for a very small part of the uppermost and lowermost, is like a sponge; and the bone has in itself many moist fleshy substances, and if one should rub them with the fingers, blood would come out of them.
Ἔνι δ᾿ ἐν τῷ ὀστέῳ καὶ φλέβια λεπτότερα καὶ κοιλότερα, αἵματος πλέα.
There are also in the bone finer and more hollow vessels, full of blood.
Σκληρότητος μὲν οὖν καὶ μαλθακότητος καὶ κοιλότητος ὧδε ἔχει.
Thus it is with regard to hardness, softness, and cavity.