§4#1ΙV. Τούτων δὲ τῶν μὲν ὑποκειμένων, τῶν δὲ ἀποδεδειγμένων, τὸ προκείμενον δειχθήσεται.
IV. With these things on the one hand assumed, and on the other hand demonstrated, the proposition will be proved.
Ἐπεὶ γὰρ ὑπόκειται τὰν διάμετρον τᾶς μάκωνος μὴ ἐλάσσονα εἶμεν ἢ τετρωκοστομόριον δακτύλου, δῆλον ὡς ἁ σφαῖρα ἁ δακτυλιαίαν ἔχουσα τὰν διάμετρον οὐ μείζων ἐστὶν ἢ ὥστε χωρεῖν μάκωνας ἑξακισμυρίας καὶ τετρακισχιλίας τᾶς γὰρ σφαίρας τᾶς ἐχούσας τὰν διάμετρον τετρωκοστομόριον δακτύλου πολλαπλασία ἐστὶν τῷ εἰρημένῳ ἀριθμῷ· δέδεικται γάρ τοι ὅτι αἱ σφαῖραι τριπλάσιον λόγον ἔχοντι ποτὶ ἀλλάλας τᾶν διαμέτρων.
For since it is assumed that the diameter of a poppy-seed is not less than a fortieth part of a finger-breadth, it is clear that the sphere having a diameter of one finger is not greater than so as to contain sixty-four thousand poppy-seeds; for it is as many times the sphere having a diameter a fortieth of a finger-breadth as the said number; for indeed it has been proved that spheres have to one another the triplicate ratio of their diameters.
Ἐπεὶ δὲ ὑπόκειται καὶ τοῦ ψάμμου τὸν ἀριθμὸν τοῦ εἰς τὸ τᾶς μάκωνος μέγεθος μὴ μείζονα εἶμεν μυρίων, δῆλον ὡς, εἰ πληρωθείη ψάμμου ἁ σφαῖρα ἁ δακτυλιαίαν ἔχουσα τὰν διάμετρον, οὐ μείζων κα εἴη ὁ ἀριθμὸς τοῦ ψάμμου ἢ μυριάκις τὰ ἑξακισμύρια καὶ τετρακισχίλια.
And since it is also assumed that the number of grains of sand in the size of a poppy-seed is not greater than ten thousand, it is clear that, if the sphere having a diameter of one finger were filled with sand, the number of grains of sand would not be greater than ten thousand times sixty-four thousand.
Οὗτος δέ ἐστιν ὁ ἀριθμὸς μονάδες τε (??) τῶν δευτέρων ἀριθμῶν καὶ τῶν πρώτων μυριάδες τετρακισχίλιαι· ἐλάσσων οὖν ἐστιν ἢ ῑ μονάδες τῶν δευτέρων ἀριθμῶν.
And this number is [six] units of the second numbers and four thousand ten-thousands of the first numbers; therefore it is less than 10 units of the second numbers.
Ἁ δὲ τῶν ρ δακτύλων ἔχουσα τὰν διάμετρον σφαῖρα πολλαπλασία ἐστὶν τᾶς δακτυλιαίαν ἐχούσας τὰν διάμετρον σφαίρας ταῖς ρ μυριάδεσσιν διὰ τὸ τριπλάσιον λόγον ἔχειν ποτʼ ἀλλάλας τᾶν διαμέτρων τὰς σφαίρας.
And the sphere having a diameter of 100 fingers is as many times the sphere having a diameter of one finger as 100 ten-thousands, because spheres have to one another the triplicate ratio of their diameters.
Εἰ οὖν γένοιτο ἐκ τοῦ ψάμμου σφαῖρα ταλικαύτα τὸ μέγεθος, ἁλίκα ἐστὶν ἁ σφαῖρα ἁ ἔχουσα τὰν διάμετρον δακτύλων ρ, δῆλον ὡς ἐλάττων ἐσσεῖται ὁ τοῦ ψάμμου ἀριθμὸς τοῦ γενομένου ἀριθμοῦ πολλαπλασιασθεισᾶν τᾶν δέκα μονάδων τῶν δευτέρων ἀριθμῶν ταῖς ρ μυριάδεσσιν, Ἐπεὶ δʼ αἱ τῶν δευτέρων ἀριθμῶν δέκα μονάδες δέκατός ἐστιν ἀριθμὸς ἀπὸ μονάδος ἀνάλογον ἐν τᾷ τῶν δεκαπλασίων ὅρων ἀναλογίᾳ, αἱ δὲ ἑκατὸν μυριάδες ἕβδομος ἀπὸ μονάδος ἐκ τᾶς αὐτᾶς ἀναλογίας, δῆλον ὡς ὁ γενόμενος ἀριθμὸς ἐσσεῖται τῶν ἐκ τᾶς αὐτᾶς ἀναλογίας ἑκκαιδέκατος ἀπὸ μονάδος δέδεικται γὰρ ὅτι ἑνὶ ἐλάσσονας ἀπέχει ἀπὸ τᾶς μονάδος ἢ ὅσος ἐστὶν ὁ ἀριθμὸς συναμφοτέρων, οὓς ἀπέχοντι ἀπὸ μονάδος οἱ πολλαπλασιάξαντες ἀλλάλους.
If, then, there were a sphere of sand of such size as the sphere having a diameter of 100 fingers, it is clear that the number of grains of sand will be less than the product of ten units of the second numbers multiplied by 100 ten-thousands. And since ten units of the second numbers is the tenth number in proportion from the unit in the progression of tenfold terms, and 100 ten-thousands is the seventh from the unit in the same proportion, it is clear that the product will be the sixteenth from the unit among those in the same proportion; for it has been proved that it is distant from the unit by one fewer than the sum of both numbers of terms by which the multipliers are distant from the unit.
Τῶν δὲ ἑκκαίδεκα τούτων ὀκτὼ μὲν οἱ πρῶτοι σὺν τᾷ μονάδι τῶν πρώτων καλουμένων ἐντί, οἱ δὲ μετὰ τούτους ὀκτὼ τῶν δευτέρων, καὶ ὁ ἔσχατός ἐστιν αὐτῶν χίλιαι μυριάδες δευτέρων ἀριθμῶν.
And of these sixteen, the first eight, including the unit, belong to what are called the first numbers, and the eight after these belong to the second numbers, and the last of them is a thousand ten-thousands of the second numbers.
Φανερὸν οὖν ὅτι τοῦ ψάμμου τὸ πλῆθος τοῦ μέγεθος ἔχοντος ἴσον τᾷ σφαίρᾳ τᾷ τὰν διάμετρον ρ δακτύλων ἐχούσᾳ ἔλαττόν ἐστιν ἢ χίλιαι μυριάδες τῶν δευτέρων ἀριθμῶν.
It is clear, then, that the quantity of sand having a size equal to the sphere having a diameter of 100 fingers is less than a thousand ten-thousands of the second numbers.
Πάλιν δὲ καὶ ἁ σφαῖρα ἁ τῶν μυρίων δακτύλων ἔχουσα τὰν διάμετρον πολλαπλασία ἐστὶν τᾶς σφαίρας τᾶς ἐχούσας τὰν διάμετρον ρ δακτύλων ταῖς ρ μυριάδεσσιν.
Again, also the sphere having a diameter of ten thousand fingers is as many times the sphere having a diameter of 100 fingers as 100 ten-thousands.
Εἰ οὖν γένοιτο ἐκ τοῦ ψάμμου σφαῖρα ταλικαύτα τὸ μέγεθος, ἁλίκα ἐστὶν ἁ ἔχουσα σφαῖρα τὰν διάμετρον μυρίων δακτύλων, δῆλον ὡς ἐλάσσων ἐσσεῖται ὁ τοῦ ψάμμου ἀριθμὸς τοῦ γενομένου πολλαπλασιασθεισᾶν τᾶν χιλιᾶν μυριάδων τῶν δευτέρων ἀριθμῶν ταῖς ρ μυριάδεσσιν.
If, then, there were a sphere of sand of such size as the sphere having a diameter of ten thousand fingers, it is clear that the number of grains of sand will be less than the product of a thousand ten-thousands of the second numbers multiplied by 100 ten-thousands.
Ἐπεὶ δʼ αἱ μὲν τῶν δευτέρων ἀριθμῶν χίλιαι μυριάδες ἑκκαιδέκατός ἐστιν ἀριθμὸς ἀπὸ μονάδος ἀνάλογον, αἱ δὲ ρ μυριάδες ἕβδομος ἀπὸ μονάδος ἐν τᾷ αὐτᾷ ἀναλογίᾳ, δῆλον ὡς ὁ γενόμενος ἐσσεῖται δυοκαιεικοστὸς τῶν ἐκ τᾶς αὐτᾶς ἀναλογίας ἀπὸ μονάδος.
And since a thousand ten-thousands of the second numbers is the sixteenth number in proportion from the unit, and 100 ten-thousands is the seventh from the unit in the same proportion, it is clear that the product will be the twenty-second from the unit among those in the same proportion.
Τῶν δὲ δύο καὶ εἴκοσι τούτων ὁκτὼ μὲν οἱ πρῶτοι σὺν τᾷ μονάδι τῶν πρώτων καλουμένων ἐντί, ὀκτὼ δὲ οἱ μετὰ τούτους τῶν δευτέρων καλουμένων, οἱ δὲ λοιποὶ ἓξ τῶν τρίτων καλουμένων, καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος αὐτῶν ἐστι δέκα μυριάδες τῶν τρίτων ἀριθμῶν.
And of these twenty-two, the first eight, including the unit, belong to what are called the first numbers, and the eight after these belong to what are called the second numbers, and the remaining six belong to what are called the third numbers, and the last of them is ten ten-thousands of the third numbers.
Φανερὸν οὖν ὅτι τὸ τοῦ ψάμμου πλῆθος τοῦ μέγεθος ἔχοντος ἴσον τᾷ σφαίρᾳ τᾷ τὰν διάμετρον ἐχούσᾳ μυρίων δακτύλων ἔλασσόν ἐστιν ἢ ῑ μυριάδες τρίτων ἀριθμῶν.
It is clear, then, that the quantity of sand having a size equal to the sphere having a diameter of ten thousand fingers is less than 10 ten-thousands of the third numbers.
Καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐλάσσων ἐστὶν ἁ σταδιαίαν ἔχουσα τὰν διάμετρον σφαῖρα τᾶς σφαίρας τᾶς ἐχούσας τὰν διάμετρον μυρίων δακτύλων, δῆλον ὅτι καὶ τὸ τοῦ ψάμμου πλῆθος τοῦ μέγεθος ἔχοντος ἴσον τᾷ σφαίρᾳ τᾷ τὰν διάμετρον ἐχούσᾳ σταδιαίαν ἔλασσόν ἐστιν ἢ ῑ μυριάδες τῶν τρίτων ἀριθμῶν.
And since the sphere having a diameter of one stadium is less than the sphere having a diameter of ten thousand fingers, it is clear that also the quantity of sand having a size equal to the sphere having a diameter of one stadium is less than 10 ten-thousands of the third numbers.
Πάλιν δὴ ἁ σφαῖρα ἁ ἔχουσα τὰν διάμετρον ρ σταδίων πολλαπλασίων ἐστὶ τᾶς σφαίρας τᾶς ἐχούσας τὰν διάμετρον σταδιαίαν ταῖς ρ μυριάδεσσιν. Εἰ οὖν γένοιτο ἐκ τοῦ ψάμμου σφαῖρα ταλικαύτα τὸ μέγεθος, ἁλίκα ἐστὶν ἁ ἔχουσα τὰν διάμετρον σταδίων, δῆλον ὅτι ἐλάσσων ἐσσεῖται ὁ τοῦ ψάμμου ἀριθμὸς τοῦ γενομένου ἀριθμοῦ πολλαπλασιασθεισᾶν τᾶν δέκα μυριάδων τρίτων ἀριθμῶν ταῖς ρ μυριάδεσσι.
Again, also the sphere having a diameter of 100 stadia is as many times the sphere having a diameter of one stadium as 100 ten-thousands. If, then, there were a sphere of sand of such size as the sphere having a diameter of 100 stadia, it is clear that the number of grains of sand will be less than the product of 10 ten-thousands of the third numbers multiplied by 100 ten-thousands.