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Polybius · The Histories §20.4.1-20.4.7

Decline of the Boeotians and Defeat by the Aetolians

Passage 951 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

This passage describes the long-term political and moral decline of the Boeotians, their reckless defeat in the war against the Aetolians, and their subsequent complete degeneration.

§20.4.1ὅτι Βοιωτοὶ ἐκ πολλῶν ἤδη χρόνων καχεκτοῦντες ἦσαν καὶ μεγάλην εἶχον διαφορὰν πρὸς τὴν γεγενημένην εὐεξίαν καὶ δόξαν αὐτῶν τῆς πολιτείας.
The Boeotians had already for many years been in a state of decay and showed a great contrast to the past prosperity and glory of their state.
§20.4.2οὗτοι γὰρ μεγάλην περιποιησάμενοι καὶ δόξαν καὶ δύναμιν ἐν τοῖς Λευκτρικοῖς καιροῖς, οὐκ οἶδʼ ὅπως κατὰ τὸ συνεχὲς ἐν τοῖς ἑξῆς χρόνοις ἀφῄρουν ἀμφοτέρων αἰεὶ τῶν προειρημένων, ἔχοντες στρατηγὸν Ἀβαιόκριτον.
For having acquired great glory and power in the period of Leuctra, they subsequently, I know not how, continuously and steadily detracted from both of the aforesaid, having Abaeocritus as general.
§20.4.3ἀπὸ δὲ τούτων τῶν καιρῶν οὐ μόνον ἀφῄρουν, ἀλλʼ ἁπλῶς εἰς τἀναντία τραπέντες καὶ τὴν πρὸ τοῦ δόξαν ἐφʼ ὅσον οἷοί τʼ ἦσαν ἠμαύρωσαν.
And from these times onward, they not only detracted from them, but turning completely to the opposite, they tarnished their former glory as far as they were able.
§20.4.4Ἀχαιῶν γὰρ αὐτοὺς πρὸς Αἰτωλοὺς ἐκπολεμωσάντων, μετασχόντες τούτοις τῆς αὐτῆς αἱρέσεως καὶ ποιησάμενοι συμμαχίαν, μετὰ ταῦτα κατὰ τὸ συνεχὲς ἐπολέμουν πρὸς Αἰτωλούς.
For when the Achaeans had embroiled them in a war against the Aetolians, sharing with them the same policy and having concluded an alliance, they thereafter continually waged war against the Aetolians.
§20.4.5ἐμβαλόντων δὲ μετὰ δυνάμεως εἰς τὴν Βοιωτίαν τῶν Αἰτωλῶν ἐκστρατεύσαντες πανδημεί, καὶ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν ἡθροισμένων καὶ μελλόντων παραβοηθεῖν οὐκ ἐκδεξάμενοι τὴν τούτων παρουσίαν συνέβαλον τοῖς Αἰτωλοῖς,
When the Aetolians invaded Boeotia with a force, the Boeotians marched out with their whole population; and although the Achaeans had assembled and were about to come to their assistance, they did not wait for their arrival, but engaged the Aetolians.
§20.4.6ἡττηθέντες δὲ κατὰ τὸν κίνδυνον οὕτως ἀνέπεσον ταῖς ψυχαῖς ὥστʼ ἀπʼ ἐκείνης τῆς χρείας ἁπλῶς οὐδενὸς ἔτι τῶν καλῶν ἀμφισβητεῖν ἐτόλμησαν οὐδʼ ἐκοινώνησαν οὔτε πράξεως οὔτʼ ἀγῶνος οὐδενὸς ἔτι τοῖς Ἕλλησι μετὰ κοινοῦ δόγματος,
Having been defeated in the battle, they were so utterly dispirited that from that action onward they simply did not dare to lay claim to any honorable things, nor did they ever again participate in any enterprise or struggle with the Greeks under a common decree.
§20.4.7ἀλλʼ ὁρμήσαντες πρὸς εὐωχίαν καὶ μέθας οὐ μόνον τοῖς σώμασιν ἐξελύθησαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ταῖς ψυχαῖς.
On the contrary, having given themselves up to feasting and drunkenness, they became enervated not only in their bodies but also in their souls.

Notes

  1. §20.4.2ἀφῄρουν ἀμφοτέρων — The verb ἀφαιρέω (to take away, detract from) governs the genitive case of the thing diminished, here referring back to the previously mentioned 'glory and power' (δόξαν καὶ δύναμιν).
  2. §20.4.5τῶν Ἀχαιῶν ἡθροισμένων καὶ μελλόντων παραβοηθεῖν — A genitive absolute with a concessive force ('although the Achaeans...'), followed by the nominative participle οὐκ ἐκδεξάμενοι which modifies the main subject (the Boeotians).
  3. §20.4.6ὥστʼ ... ἐτόλμησαν — The conjunction ὥστε introduces an actual, historical result as indicated by the use of the indicative past tenses (ἐτόλμησαν and ἐκοινώνησαν), rather than a potential or natural tendency which would be expressed by the infinitive.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §20.4.1-20.4.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:20.4.1-20.4.7

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