§2.14.1Ἰταλίαν Κελτοὺς πόλεμον.
[war] against the Celts in Italy.
ὑπὲρ ὧν δοκεῖ μοι χρήσιμον εἶναι κεφαλαιώδη μὲν ποιήσασθαι τὴν ἐξήγησιν, ἵνα τὸ τῆς προκατασκευῆς οἰκεῖον συσσώσωμεν κατὰ τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς πρόθεσιν, ἀναδραμεῖν δὲ τοῖς χρόνοις ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν, ἐξ ὅτου κατέσχον οἱ προειρημένοι τὴν χώραν·
Concerning them, it seems to me to be useful on the one hand to make a summary narrative, in order to preserve the proper character of the preparatory sketch according to our original purpose, and on the other hand to trace back the chronology to the beginning, from the time when the aforementioned people occupied the country.
§2.14.2ἡγοῦμαι γὰρ τὴν περὶ αὐτῶν ἱστορίαν οὐ μόνον ἀξίαν εἶναι γνώσεως καὶ μνήμης, ἀλλὰ καὶ τελέως ἀναγκαίαν χάριν τοῦ μαθεῖν τίσι μετὰ ταῦτα πιστεύσας ἀνδράσι καὶ τόποις Ἀννίβας ἐπεβάλετο καταλύειν τὴν Ῥωμαίων δυναστείαν.
For I consider the history concerning them to be not only worthy of knowledge and remembrance, but also completely necessary for the purpose of learning on what men and places Hannibal, trusting in them later, undertook to destroy the Roman dominion.
§2.14.3πρῶτον δὲ περὶ τῆς χώρας ῥητέον ποία τίς ἐστιν καὶ πῶς κεῖται πρὸς τὴν ἄλλην Ἰταλίαν.
First, however, we must describe the country, what sort of place it is and how it lies in relation to the rest of Italy.
οὕτως γὰρ ἔσται καὶ τὰ περὶ τὰς πράξεις διαφέροντα κατανοεῖν βέλτιον, ὑπογραφέντων τῶν περί τε τοὺς τόπους καὶ τὴν χώραν ἰδιωμάτων.
For in this way we will also be able to understand better the details of the actions, once the characteristic features of both the places and the country have been outlined.
§2.14.4τῆς δὴ συμπάσης Ἰταλίας τῷ σχήματι τριγωνοειδοῦς ὑπαρχούσης, τὴν μὲν μίαν ὁρίζει πλευρὰν αὐτῆς τὴν πρὸς τὰς ἀνατολὰς κεκλιμένην ὅ τʼ Ἰόνιος πόρος καὶ κατὰ τὸ συνεχὲς ὁ κατὰ τὸν Ἀδρίαν κόλπος, τὴν δὲ πρὸς μεσημβρίαν καὶ δυσμὰς τετραμμένην τὸ Σικελικὸν καὶ Τυρρηνικὸν πέλαγος.
Now, as the whole of Italy is triangular in shape, one of its sides, which faces the east, is bounded by the Ionian Sea and, in continuation of it, the Adriatic Gulf; while the side turned towards the south and west is bounded by the Sicilian and Tyrrhenian seas.
§2.14.5αὗται δʼ αἱ πλευραὶ συμπίπτουσαι πρὸς ἀλλήλας κορυφὴν ποιοῦσι τοῦ τριγώνου τὸ προκείμενον ἀκρωτήριον τῆς Ἰταλίας εἰς τὴν μεσημβρίαν, ὃ προσαγορεύεται μὲν Κόκυνθος, διαιρεῖ δὲ τὸν Ἰόνιον πόρον καὶ τὸ Σικελικὸν πέλαγος.
And these sides, meeting each other, form the apex of the triangle at the promontory of Italy which projects to the south, which is called Cocynthus and divides the Ionian Sea from the Sicilian Sea.
§2.14.6τὴν δὲ λοιπὴν τὴν παρά τε τὰς ἄρκτους καὶ τὴν μεσόγαιαν παρατείνουσαν ὁρίζει κατὰ τὸ συνεχὲς ἡ τῶν Ἄλπεων παρώρεια, λαμβάνουσα τὴν μὲν ἀρχὴν ἀπὸ Μασσαλίας καὶ τῶν ὑπὲρ τὸ Σαρδῷον πέλαγος τόπων, παρήκουσα δὲ συνεχῶς μέχρι πρὸς τὸν τοῦ παντὸς Ἀδρίου μυχόν, πλὴν βραχέος, ὃ προκαταλήγουσα λείπει τοῦ μὴ συνάπτειν αὐτῷ.
The remaining side, which extends along the north and the inland, is bounded continuously by the chain of the Alps, which takes its beginning from Massalia and the regions above the Sardinian Sea, and extends continuously as far as the innermost recess of the whole Adriatic, except for a small part, where it stops short of joining it.
§2.14.7παρὰ δὲ τὴν προειρημένην παρώρειαν, ἣν δεῖ νοεῖν ὡσανεὶ βάσιν τοῦ τριγώνου, παρὰ ταύτην ἀπὸ μεσημβρίας ὑπόκειται πεδία τῆς συμπάσης Ἰταλίας τελευταῖα πρὸς τὰς ἄρκτους, ὑπὲρ ὧν ὁ νῦν δὴ λόγος, ἀρετῇ καὶ μεγέθει διαφέροντα τῶν κατὰ τὴν Εὐρώπην, ὅσα πέπτωκεν ὑπὸ τὴν ἡμετέραν ἱστορίαν.
Along the aforementioned chain, which must be conceived as it were as the base of the triangle, along this to the south lie the plains of the whole of Italy, furthest to the north, concerning which we are now speaking, surpassing in fertility and size all those in Europe that fall within the scope of our history.
§2.14.8ἔστι δὲ τὸ μὲν ὅλον εἶδος καὶ τῆς ταῦτα τὰ πεδία περιγραφούσης γραμμῆς τριγωνοειδές.
The general form and outline of the boundary enclosing these plains is also triangular.
τούτου δὲ τοῦ σχήματος τὴν μὲν κορυφὴν ἥ τε τῶν Ἀπεννίνων καλουμένων ὀρῶν καὶ τῶν Ἀλπεινῶν σύμπτωσις οὐ μακρὰν ἀπὸ τοῦ Σαρδῴου πελάγους ὑπὲρ Μασσαλίας ἀποτελεῖ.
The apex of this figure is formed by the junction of the mountains called Apennines and the Alps, not far from the Sardinian Sea, above Massalia.
§2.14.9τῶν δὲ πλευρῶν παρὰ μὲν τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν ἄρκτων, ὡς ἐπάνω προεῖπον, τὰς Ἄλπεις αὐτὰς ἐπὶ δισχιλίους καὶ διακοσίους σταδίους παρήκειν συμβαίνει, §2.14.10παρὰ δὲ τὴν ἀπὸ μεσημβρίας τὸν Ἀπεννῖνον ἐπὶ τρισχιλίους ἑξακοσίους.
Of the sides, along the northern one, as I said above, the Alps themselves happen to extend for two thousand two hundred stades, and along the southern one the Apennines for three thousand six hundred.
§2.14.11βάσεώς γε μὴν τάξιν λαμβάνει τοῦ παντὸς σχήματος ἡ παραλία τοῦ κατὰ τὸν Ἀδρίαν κόλπου· τὸ δὲ μέγεθος τῆς βάσεώς ἐστιν ἀπὸ πόλεως Σήνης ἕως ἐπὶ τὸν μυχὸν ὑπὲρ τοὺς δισχιλίους σταδίους καὶ πεντακοσίους, §2.14.12ὥστε τὴν πᾶσαν περίμετρον τῶν προειρημένων πεδίων μὴ πολὺ λείπειν
The role of the base for the whole figure is taken by the coast of the Adriatic Gulf; and the length of the base is from the city of Sena to the innermost recess, over two thousand five hundred stades, so that the whole circumference of the aforementioned plains does not fall far short of...