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Polybius · The Histories §18.5.1-18.5.9

Philip's Attack on the Plundering Customs of the Aetolians

Passage 894 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

Philip explains to Titus the Aetolian custom of plundering and argues the absurdity of the Aetolians demanding the Macedonians' withdrawal from Greece.

§18.5.1τοῦ δὲ Τίτου θαυμάσαντος τί τοῦτʼ ἐστίν, ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐπειρᾶτο διασαφεῖν αὐτῷ, λέγων ὅτι τοῖς Αἰτωλοῖς ἔθος ὑπάρχει μὴ μόνον πρὸς οὓς ἂν αὐτοὶ πολεμῶσι, τούτους αὐτοὺς ἄγειν καὶ τὴν τούτων χώραν, §18.5.2ἀλλὰ κἂν ἕτεροί τινες πολεμῶσι πρὸς ἀλλήλους, ὄντες Αἰτωλῶν φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοι, μηδὲν ἧττον ἐξεῖναι τοῖς Αἰτωλοῖς ἄνευ κοινοῦ δόγματος καὶ παραβοηθεῖν ἀμφοτέροις τοῖς πολεμοῦσι καὶ τὴν χώραν ἄγειν τὴν ἀμφοτέρων, §18.5.3ὥστε παρὰ μὲν τοῖς Αἰτωλοῖς μήτε φιλίας ὅρους ὑπάρχειν μήτʼ ἔχθρας, ἀλλὰ πᾶσι τοῖς ἀμφισβητοῦσι περί τινος ἑτοίμους ἐχθροὺς εἶναι τούτους καὶ πολεμίους. "
And when Titus wondered what this meant, the king endeavored to explain it to him, saying that the Aetolians have a custom, not only to plunder those with whom they themselves are at war and to ravage their territory, but even if any others are at war with one another, though they are friends and allies of the Aetolians, it is nonetheless permitted for the Aetolians, without any public decree, both to assist both belligerents and to plunder the territory of both, so that among the Aetolians there exist limits neither of friendship nor of enmity, but they are ready to be enemies and adversaries to all who have a dispute about anything.
§18.5.4πόθεν οὖν ἔξεστι τούτοις ἐγκαλεῖν νῦν, εἰ φίλος ὑπάρχων Αἰτωλοῖς ἐγώ, Προυσίου δὲ σύμμαχος, ἔπραξά τι κατὰ Κιανῶν, βοηθῶν τοῖς αὑτοῦ συμμάχοις;
On what grounds, then, is it permitted for them to complain now, if I, being a friend to the Aetolians but an ally of Prusias, did something against the Cianians in assisting my own allies?
§18.5.5τὸ δὲ δὴ πάντων δεινότατον, οἱ ποιοῦντες ἑαυτοὺς ἐφαμίλλους Ῥωμαίοις καὶ κελεύοντες ἐκχωρεῖν Μακεδόνας ἁπάσης τῆς Ἑλλάδος·
And indeed, the most shocking thing of all is that they make themselves equal to the Romans and order the Macedonians to withdraw from the whole of Greece.
§18.5.6τοῦτο γὰρ ἀναφθέγξασθαι καὶ καθόλου μέν ἐστιν ὑπερήφανον, οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ Ῥωμαίων μὲν λεγόντων ἀνεκτόν, Αἰτωλῶν δʼ οὐκ ἀνεκτόν·
For to utter such a thing is altogether arrogant, yet it is tolerable if the Romans say it, but intolerable if the Aetolians do.
ποίας δὲ κελεύετέ με" §18.5.7φησὶν" §18.5.8ἐκχωρεῖν Ἑλλάδος καὶ πῶς ἀφορίζετε ταύτην;
'From what kind of Greece do you order me,' he says, 'to withdraw, and how do you define it?
αὐτῶν γὰρ Αἰτωλῶν οὐκ εἰσὶν Ἕλληνες οἱ πλείους· τὸ γὰρ τῶν Ἀγραῶν ἔθνος καὶ τὸ τῶν Ἀποδωτῶν, ἔτι δὲ τῶν Ἀμφιλόχων, οὐκ ἔστιν Ἑλλάς.
For most of the Aetolians themselves are not Greeks; for the tribe of the Agraeans and that of the Apodoti, and furthermore the Amphilochians, are not Greece.
§18.5.9ἢ τούτων μὲν παραχωρεῖτέ μοι; "
Or do you concede these to me?'

Notes

  1. §18.5.1ἄγειν — Here, ἄγειν carries on the context of 'carrying off plunder (ἄγειν λάφυρον)' from the previous section (18.4.8), meaning 'to plunder' or 'to carry off' rather than simply 'to lead.'
  2. §18.5.5τὸ δὲ δὴ πάντων δεινότατον — An idiomatic neuter accusative (or nominative) absolute phrase, meaning 'and indeed the most terrible thing of all,' introducing the subsequent nominative participle clause (οἱ ποιοῦντες...).
  3. §18.5.7φησὶν — A parenthetical verb indicating the transition from indirect speech (18.5.1-6a) to direct speech quoting Philip's words (18.5.6b-9). It is inserted between the agreeing adjective ποίας ('what kind of') and its noun Ἑλλάδος ('Greece').

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §18.5.1-18.5.9. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:18.5.1-18.5.9

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