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Polybius · The Histories §12.4d.1-12.4d.8

Timaeus's Ignorance Concerning the Spring of Arethusa

Passage 740 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

The author criticizes Timaeus for his ignorance in historical inquiry, presenting Timaeus's absurd account of the origin of the spring Arethusa in Syracuse, which lies in Timaeus's own homeland of Sicily, as clear evidence.

§12.4d.1ἐν ᾧ γένει μεγίστην ἐπίφασιν ἕλκων Τίμαιος πλεῖστον ἀπολείπεσθαί μοι δοκεῖ τῆς ἀληθείας·
In this department, while making the greatest pretensions, Timaeus seems to me to fall furthest short of the truth.
§12.4d.2τοσοῦτο γὰρ ἀπέχει τοῦ διʼ ἑτέρων ἀκριβῶς τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἐξετάζειν ὡς οὐδὲ τούτων ὧν αὐτόπτης γέγονε καὶ ἐφʼ οὓς αὐτὸς ἥκει τόπους, οὐδὲ περὶ τούτων οὐδὲν ὑγιὲς ἡμῖν ἐξηγεῖται.
For he is so far from investigating the truth accurately through others that, even concerning those places of which he has been an eyewitness and which he has himself visited, he gives us no sound account even of these.
§12.4d.3τοῦτο δʼ ἔσται δῆλον, ἐὰν ἐν τοῖς κατὰ τὴν Σικελίαν δείξωμεν αὐτὸν ἀγνοοῦντα περὶ ὧν ἀποφαίνεται·
This will become clear if we show that, in his accounts of Sicily, he is ignorant of the very things about which he makes assertions.
§12.4d.4σχεδὸν γὰρ οὐ πολλῶν ἔτι προσδεήσει λόγων ὑπέρ γε τῆς ψευδολογίας, ἐὰν ἐν οἷς ἔφυ καὶ ἐτράφη τόποις, καὶ τούτων ἐν τοῖς ἐπιφανεστάτοις [ἐν τούτοις] ἀγνοῶν εὑρεθῇ καὶ παραπαίων τῆς ἀληθείας.
For there will be scarcely any need of further arguments concerning his untruthfulness if, in the very places where he was born and bred, and of these in the most famous ones, he is found to be ignorant and to wander away from the truth.
§12.4d.5φησὶ τοιγαροῦν τὴν Ἀρέθουσαν κρήνην τὴν ἐν ταῖς Συρακούσαις ἔχειν τὰς πηγὰς ἐκ τοῦ κατὰ Πελοπόννησον διά τε τῆς Ἀρκαδίας καὶ διὰ τῆς Ὀλυμπίας ῥέοντος [ποταμοῦ] Ἀλφειοῦ·
Thus, he says that the spring Arethusa in Syracuse has its sources in the river Alpheus, which flows through Peloponnese, across Arcadia and Olympia.
§12.4d.6ἐκεῖνον γὰρ δύντα κατὰ γῆς καὶ τετρακισχιλίους σταδίους ὑπὸ τὸ Σικελικὸν ἐνεχθέντα πέλαγος ἀναδύνειν ἐν ταῖς Συρακούσαις,
For he asserts that this river plunges underground and, after being carried four thousand stades beneath the Sicilian sea, rises again in Syracuse.
§12.4d.7γενέσθαι δὲ τοῦτο δῆλον ἐκ τοῦ κατά τινα χρόνον οὐρανίων ὄμβρων ῥαγέντων κατὰ τὸν τῶν Ὀλυμπίων καιρὸν καὶ τοῦ ποταμοῦ τοὺς κατὰ τὸ τέμενος ἐπικλύσαντος τόπους, §12.4d.8ὄνθου τε πλῆθος ἀναβλύζειν τὴν Ἀρέθουσαν ἐκ τῶν κατὰ τὴν πανήγυριν θυομένων βοῶν καὶ φιάλην χρυσῆν ἀναβαλεῖν, ἣν ἐπιγνόντες εἶναι τῆς ἑορτῆς ἀνείλοντο.
And he says that this is proved by the fact that on one occasion, when torrential rains fell at the season of the Olympic games and the river flooded the ground around the sanctuary, the spring Arethusa bubbled up a quantity of dung from the oxen sacrificed at the festival, and threw up a golden cup, which they recognized as belonging to the feast and recovered.

Notes

  1. §12.4d.1ἐν ᾧ γένει — A connecting relative referring back to "the department of inquiry" (τὸ περὶ τὰς ἀνακρίσεις μέρος) mentioned in the previous chapter (12.4c.3).
  2. §12.4d.2τοσοῦτο γὰρ ἀπέχει τοῦ ... ὡς ... — The construction "τοσοῦτο ἀπέχει τοῦ [infinitive] ὡς [indicative]" literally means "he is so far from [doing something] that...", functioning as a strong denial ("he is so far from doing X that he does not even do Y").
  3. §12.4d.2ὧν — An instance of case attraction of the relative pronoun. The accusative ἅ, which would normally serve as the object of αὐτόπτης γέγονε (to have been an eyewitness of), is attracted to the genitive case of its antecedent τούτων, becoming ὧν.
  4. §12.4d.4ἐν οἷς ἔφυ καὶ ἐτράφη τόποις — Incorporation of the antecedent. The antecedent noun τόποις is incorporated into the relative clause and agrees in case with the relative pronoun οἷς. The standard order would be ἐν τοῖς τόποις ἐν οἷς ἔφυ καὶ ἐτράφη.
  5. §12.4d.7ἐκ τοῦ ... ἀναβλύζειν ... καὶ ... ἀναβαλεῖν — An articular infinitive construction governed by the preposition ἐκ ("from the fact that..."). The subject accusative of the infinitives (ἀναβλύζειν and ἀναβαλεῖν in §12.4d.8) is τὴν Ἀρέθουσαν, and the syntax is interrupted by the insertion of the genitives absolute in §12.4d.7.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §12.4d.1-12.4d.8. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:12.4d.1-12.4d.8

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