§12.4.1πλεῖον μέρος κατὰ γῆς.
for the greater part under the ground.
δοκεῖ γε μὴν πάντʼ εἶναι τὰ ζῷα κατὰ τὴν νῆσον ἄγρια διὰ τοιαύτην αἰτίαν.
However, all the animals on the island seem to be wild for the following reason.
§12.4.2οὐ δύνανται κατὰ τὰς νομὰς συνακολουθεῖν οἱ ποιμαίνοντες τοῖς θρέμμασι διὰ τὸ σύνδενδρον καὶ κρημνώδη καὶ τραχεῖαν εἶναι τὴν νῆσον· ἀλλʼ ὅταν βούλωνται συναθροῖσαι, κατὰ τοὺς εὐκαίρους τόπους ἐφιστάμενοι τῇ σάλπιγγι συγκαλοῦσι τὰ ζῷα, καὶ πάντα πρὸς τὴν ἰδίαν ἀδιαπτώτως συντρέχει σάλπιγγα.
The herdsmen cannot follow the livestock in their pastures because the island is thickly wooded, steep, and rugged; but when they wish to gather them, they stand in convenient places and call the animals together with a trumpet, and all of them run without fail to their own trumpet.
§12.4.3λοιπὸν ὅταν τινὲς προσπλεύσαντες πρὸς τὴν νῆσον αἶγας ἢ βοῦς θεάσωνται νεμομένας ἐρήμους, κἄπειτα βουληθῶσι καταλαβεῖν, οὐ προσίεται τὰ ζῷα διὰ τὴν ἀσυνήθειαν, ἀλλὰ φεύγει.
Consequently, when some people, having sailed to the island, see goats or cattle grazing unattended, and then wish to capture them, the animals do not let them approach due to their lack of familiarity, but flee.
§12.4.4ὅταν δὲ καὶ συνιδὼν ὁ ποιμὴν τοὺς ἀποβαίνοντας σαλπίσῃ, προτροπάδην ἅμα φέρεται καὶ συντρέχει πρὸς τὴν σάλπιγγα.
But when the shepherd, also seeing those who land, blows his trumpet, they immediately run in a rush and gather to the trumpet.
διὸ φαντασίαν ἀγρίων ποιεῖ· ὑπὲρ ὧν Τίμαιος κακῶς καὶ παρέργως ἱστορήσας ἐσχεδίασε.
Therefore, it gives the appearance of being wild; regarding which Timaeus, having recorded badly and superficially, spoke offhand.
§12.4.5τὸ δὲ τῇ σάλπιγγι πειθαρχεῖν οὐκ ἔστι θαυμάσιον· καὶ γὰρ κατὰ τὴν Ἰταλίαν οἱ τὰς ὗς τρέφοντες οὕτω χειρίζουσι τὰ κατὰ τὰς νομάς.
Now, obeying the trumpet is not surprising; for in Italy too, those who breed pigs manage their pasturage in this way.
§12.4.6οὐ γὰρ ἕπονται κατὰ πόδας οἱ συοφορβοὶ τοῖς θρέμμασιν, ὥσπερ παρὰ τοῖς Ἕλλησιν, ἀλλὰ προηγοῦνται φωνοῦντες τῇ βυκάνῃ κατὰ διάστημα, τὰ δὲ θρέμματα κατόπιν ἀκολουθεῖ καὶ συντρέχει πρὸς τὴν φωνήν, §12.4.7καὶ τηλικαύτη γίνεται συνήθεια τοῖς ζῴοις πρὸς τὴν ἰδίαν βυκάνην ὥστε θαυμάζειν καὶ δυσπαραδέκτως ἔχειν τοὺς πρώτους ἀκούσαντας.
For the swineherds do not follow close behind the livestock, as is the custom among the Greeks, but they lead the way, sounding a horn at intervals, and the livestock follow behind and run together toward the sound, and such a habit is formed by the animals toward their own horn that those who hear it for the first time wonder and find it hard to believe.
§12.4.8διὰ γὰρ τὴν πολυχειρίαν καὶ τὴν λοιπὴν χορηγίαν μεγάλα συμβαίνει τὰ συβόσια κατὰ τὴν Ἰταλίαν ὑπάρχειν, καὶ μάλιστα [τὴν παλαίαν], παρά τε τοῖς Τυρρηνικοῖς καὶ Γαλάταις, ὥστε τὴν μίαν τοκάδα χιλίους ἐκτρέφειν ὗς, ποτὲ δὲ καὶ πλείους.
For due to the large number of hands and other resources, the herds of swine in Italy turn out to be very large, and especially among the Tyrrhenians and Gauls, so that a single breeding sow rears a thousand pigs, and sometimes even more.
§12.4.9διὸ καὶ κατὰ γένη ποιοῦνται καὶ καθʼ ἡλικίαν τὰς ἐκ τῶν νυκτερευμάτων ἐξαγωγάς.
Therefore they also make the leading out from their night-quarters according to breed and according to age.
§12.4.10ὅθεν εἰς τὸν αὐτὸν τόπον προαγομένων καὶ πλειόνων συστημάτων οὐ δύνανται ταῦτα κατὰ γένη τηρεῖν, ἀλλά γε συμπίπτει κατά τε τὰς ἐξελασίας καὶ νομὰς ἀλλήλοις, ὁμοίως δὲ κατὰ τὰς προσαγωγάς.
Hence, when several herds are led out to the same place, they cannot keep them separate according to breed, but they happen to mix with one another during the driving out and pasturage, and likewise during the bringing back.
§12.4.11ἐξ ὧν αὐτοῖς ἐπινενόηται πρὸς τὸ διακρίνειν, ὅταν συμπέσῃ, χωρὶς κόπου καὶ πραγματείας τὸ κατὰ βυκάνην.
From which, a method with a horn has been devised by them to distinguish them without trouble or difficulty when they mix.
§12.4.12ἐπειδὰν γὰρ τῶν νεμόντων ὁ μὲν ἐπὶ τοῦτο τὸ μέρος προάγῃ φωνῶν, ὁ δʼ ἐφʼ ἕτερον ἀποκλίνας, αὐτὰ διʼ αὑτῶν χωρίζεται τὰ θρέμματα καὶ κατακολουθεῖ ταῖς ἰδίαις βυκάναις μετὰ τοιαύτης προθυμίας ὥστε μὴ δυνατὸν εἶναι βιάσασθαι μηδὲ κωλῦσαι μηδενὶ τρόπῳ τὴν ὁρμὴν αὐτῶν.
For whenever one of the herdsmen leads on toward this part while sounding, and another turns off toward another, the livestock separate by themselves and follow their own horns with such eagerness that it is not possible to force or stop their rush in any way.
§12.4.13παρὰ δὲ τοῖς Ἕλλησι κατὰ τοὺς δρυμούς, ἐπειδὰν ἀλλήλοις συμπέσῃ διώκοντα τὸν καρπόν, ὁ πλείονας ἔχων χεῖρας καὶ κατευκαιρήσας περιλαβὼν τοῖς ἰδίοις θρέμμασιν ἀπάγει τὰ τοῦ πλησίον.
Among the Greeks, however, in the oak forests, when they mix with one another while pursuing the fruit, the one who has more hands and took the opportunity drives off the neighbor's beasts, enclosing them with his own.
§12.4.14ποτὲ δὲ κλέπτης ὑποκαθίσας ἀπήλασεν, οὐδʼ ἐπιγινώσκοντος τοῦ περιάγοντος πῶς ἀπέβαλε, διὰ τὸ μακρὰν ἀποσπᾶσθαι τὰ κτήνη τῶν περιαγόντων, ἁμιλλώμενα περὶ τὸν καρπόν, ὅταν ἀκμὴν ἄρχηται ῥεῖν.
Or sometimes a thief, lying in wait, drives them off, without the one leading them about even knowing how he lost them, because the beasts stray far from those leading them about, competing for the fruit when it just begins to fall.
πλὴν ταῦτα μὲν ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον.
But let this be enough on these matters.