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Polybius · The Histories §11.4.1-11.4.10

The Envoy's Speech Urging the Aetolians to Peace

Passage 700 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

An envoy addresses the Etolians, calling for peace and comparing war to an uncontrollable fire that will destroy not only themselves but all of Greece if they persist in an ignominious conflict.

§11.4.1"ὅτι μὲν οὔτε Πτολεμαῖος ὁ βασιλεὺς οὔθʼ ἡ τῶν Ῥοδίων πόλις οὔθʼ ἡ τῶν Βυζαντίων καὶ Χίων καὶ Μυτιληναίων ἐν παρέργῳ τίθενται τὰς ὑμετέρας, ὦ ἄνδρες Αἰτωλοί, διαλύσεις, ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν πραγμάτων ὑπολαμβάνω τοῦτʼ εἶναι συμφανές. §11.4.2οὐ γὰρ νῦν πρῶτον οὐδὲ δεύτερον ποιούμεθα πρὸς ὑμᾶς τοὺς ὑπὲρ τῆς εἰρήνης λόγους, ἀλλʼ ἐξ ὅτου τὸν πόλεμον ἐνεστήσασθε, προσεδρεύοντες καὶ πάντα καιρὸν θεραπεύοντες οὐ διαλείπομεν ὑπὲρ τούτων ποιούμενοι πρὸς ὑμᾶς μνήμην, §11.4.3κατὰ μὲν τὸ παρὸν τῆς ὑμετέρας καὶ Μακεδόνων στοχαζόμενοι καταφθορᾶς, πρὸς δὲ τὸ μέλλον καὶ περὶ τῶν σφετέρων πατρίδων καὶ περὶ τῶν ἄλλων Ἑλλήνων προνοούμενοι. §11.4.4καθάπερ γὰρ ἐπὶ τοῦ πυρός, ὅταν ὑφάψῃ τις ἅπαξ τὴν ὕλην, οὐκέτι τὸ λοιπὸν ἐπὶ τῇ τούτου προαιρέσει γίνεται τὸ συμβαῖνον, ἀλλʼ ᾗ ποτʼ ἂν τύχῃ λαμβάνει τὴν νομήν, τὸ πλεῖον τοῖς ἀνέμοις κυβερνώμενον καὶ τῇ τῆς ὑποκειμένης ὕλης διαφθορᾷ, καὶ πολλάκις ἐπʼ αὐτὸν τὸν ἐμπρήσαντα πρῶτον ὥρμησε παραλόγως, §11.4.5τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον [καὶ] ὁ πόλεμος ὑπό τινων ὅταν ἅπαξ ἐκκαυθῇ, τοτὲ μὲν αὐτοὺς τούτους πρώτους ἀπόλλυσι, ποτὲ δὲ φέρεται φθείρων ἀδίκως πᾶν τὸ παραπεσόν, αἰεὶ καινοποιούμενος καὶ προσφυσώμενος, ὥσπερ ὑπʼ ἀνέμων, ὑπὸ τῆς τῶν πλησιαζόντων ἀγνοίας. §11.4.6διόπερ, ὦ ἄνδρες Αἰτωλοί, νομίσαντες καὶ τοὺς νησιώτας πανδημεὶ καὶ τοὺς τὴν Ἀσίαν κατοικοῦντας Ἕλληνας παρόντας ὑμῶν δεῖσθαι τὸν μὲν πόλεμον ἆραι, τὴν δʼ εἰρήνην ἑλέσθαι, διὰ τὸ καὶ πρὸς σφᾶς ἀνήκειν τὰ γινόμενα, σωφρονήσαντες ἐντράπητε καὶ πείσθητε τοῖς παρακαλουμένοις. §11.4.7καὶ γὰρ εἰ κατά τινα τύχην ἐπολεμεῖτε πόλεμον ἀλυσιτελῆ μέν, ἐπειδὴ παντὶ πολέμῳ τοῦτο παρέπεται κατὰ τὸ πλεῖστον, ἔνδοξον δὲ καὶ κατὰ τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὑπόθεσιν καὶ κατὰ τὴν τῶν ἀποβαινόντων ἐπιγραφήν, ἴσως ἄν τις ὑμῖν ἔσχε συγγνώμην, φιλοτίμως διακειμένοις. §11.4.8εἰ δὲ πάντων αἴσχιστον καὶ πολλῆς ἀδοξίας πλήρη καὶ βλασφημίας, ἆρʼ οὐ μεγάλης προσδεῖται τὰ πράγματʼ ἐπιστάσεως; §11.4.9ῥηθήσεται γὰρ τὸ δοκοῦν μετὰ παρρησίας· ὑμεῖς δʼ, ἂν εὖ φρονῆτε, μεθʼ ἡσυχίας ἀνέξεσθε. §11.4.10πολλῷ γάρ ἐστιν ἄμεινον ὀνειδισθέντας ἐν καιρῷ σωθῆναι μᾶλλον ἢ πρὸς χάριν ἀκούσαντας μετʼ ὀλίγον ἀπολέσθαι μὲν αὐτούς, ἀπολέσαι δὲ καὶ τοὺς λοιποὺς Ἕλληνας.
"That neither King Ptolemy, nor the city of the Rhodians, nor that of the Byzantines, Chians, and Mytileneans regard your reconciliation, O Etolians, as a secondary matter, I conceive to be manifest from the facts themselves. For it is not now for the first or second time that we make proposals to you concerning peace, but ever since you undertook the war, we have not ceased, by assiduous attention and by watching every opportunity, to make mention of these things to you, aiming, as regards the present, at the prevention of the destruction of yourselves and of the Macedonians, and, as regards the future, taking thought both for our own homelands and for the other Greeks. For just as in the case of a fire, when one has once set light to the fuel, what follows is no longer dependent on his choice, but the fire spreads in whatever direction chance may direct, being guided for the most part by the winds and the consumption of the underlying fuel, and often rushes contrary to expectation upon the very person who first kindled it; in the same manner, when war has once been kindled by some people, it sometimes destroys those very persons first, and at other times sweeps along, unjustly destroying everything in its path, ever renewing itself and being fanned, as if by winds, by the ignorance of those who come near it. Therefore, O Etolians, considering that both the islanders in a body and the Greeks who inhabit Asia are present here entreating you to put an end to the war and to choose peace, because what is happening concerns them also, be wise, show respect, and yield to our exhortations. For if by some fortune you were waging a war which, though unprofitable (since this for the most part is a consequence of every war), was yet honorable both in its initial pretext and in the reputation resulting from its outcomes, someone might perhaps have excused you for being ambitiously disposed. But if it is of all wars the most shameful and full of great infamy and evil report, does not the matter demand great consideration? For what seems true shall be spoken with frankness; and you, if you are wise, will bear it with patience. For it is much better to be saved by being reproved in season, than, by listening to what is agreeable, to perish yourselves shortly after, and to bring destruction also upon the rest of the Greeks."

Notes

  1. §11.4.1ἐν παρέργῳ τίθενται — Idiomatic expression meaning "to regard as of secondary importance" or "to neglect".
  2. §11.4.3στοχαζόμενοι — Present participle governing the genitive καταφθορᾶς. Although it usually means "to aim at", here it implies aiming to prevent or being mindful of their destruction.
  3. §11.4.4ἐπὶ τῇ τούτου προαιρέσει γίνεται — The preposition ἐπὶ with the dative expresses dependence: "becomes dependent on his choice/will".
  4. §11.4.5τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον — Adverbial accusative meaning "in the same manner", modifying the following clause as a whole.
  5. §11.4.7ἄν τις ὑμῖν ἔσχε συγγνώμην — This forms the apodosis of a past contrary-to-fact condition (ἄν with the aorist indicative ἔσχε), corresponding to the protasis with εἰ and the imperfect ἐπολεμεῖτε.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §11.4.1-11.4.10. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:11.4.1-11.4.10

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