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Polybius · The Histories §1.24.1-1.24.13

Hamilcar's Ambush and Roman Campaigns in Sicily

Passage 24 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

Encouraged by their naval victory, the Romans advance their operations in Sicily, though the Carthaginian general Hamilcar successfully ambushes the Roman allies by exploiting their internal disputes. Under new commanders, the Romans proceed to capture several Sicilian towns.

§1.24.1οἱ δὲ Ῥωμαῖοι παραδόξως ἀντιπεποιημένοι τῆς κατὰ θάλατταν ἐλπίδος, διπλασίως ἐπερρώσθησαν ταῖς ὁρμαῖς πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον. §1.24.2τότε μὲν οὖν προσσχόντες τῇ Σικελίᾳ τήν τʼ Αἰγεσταίων ἔλυσαν πολιορκίαν ἐσχάτως αὐτῶν ἤδη διακειμένων κατά τε τὴν ἐκ τῆς Αἰγέστης ἀναχώρησιν Μάκελλαν πόλιν κατὰ κράτος εἷλον. §1.24.3μετὰ δὲ τὴν ναυμαχίαν Ἀμίλκας, ὁ τῶν Καρχηδονίων στρατηγὸς ὁ τεταγμένος ἐπὶ τῶν πεζικῶν δυνάμεων, διατρίβων περὶ Πάνορμον, γνοὺς ἐν τοῖς Ῥωμαϊκοῖς στρατοπέδοις στασιάζοντας τοὺς συμμάχους πρὸς τοὺς Ῥωμαίους περὶ τῶν ἐν ταῖς μάχαις πρωτείων, §1.24.4καὶ πυνθανόμενος στρατοπεδεύειν αὐτοὺς καθʼ ἑαυτοὺς τοὺς συμμάχους μεταξὺ τοῦ Παρώπου καὶ τῶν Θερμῶν τῶν Ἱμεραίων, ἐπιπεσὼν αὐτοῖς αἰφνιδίως ἀναστρατοπεδεύουσι μετὰ πάσης τῆς δυνάμεως σχεδὸν εἰς τετρακισχιλίους ἀπέκτεινεν. §1.24.5μετὰ δὲ ταύτην τὴν πρᾶξιν ὁ μὲν Ἀννίβας ἔχων τὰς διασωθείσας ναῦς ἀπέπλευσεν εἰς τὴν Καρχηδόνα, μετʼ οὐ πολὺ δʼ ἐκεῖθεν εἰς Σαρδόνα διῆρε, προσλαβὼν ναῦς καί τινας τῶν ἐνδόξων τριηράρχων. §1.24.6χρόνοις δʼ οὐ πολλοῖς κατόπιν ἐν τῇ Σαρδόνι συγκλεισθεὶς ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων ἔν τινι λιμένι καὶ πολλὰς ἀποβαλὼν τῶν νεῶν, παραυτίκα συλληφθεὶς ὑπὸ τῶν διασωθέντων Καρχηδονίων ἀνεσταυρώθη. §1.24.7Ῥωμαῖοι γὰρ ἅμα τῆς θαλάττης ἥψαντο καὶ τῶν κατὰ Σαρδόνα πραγμάτων εὐθέως ἀντείχοντο. §1.24.8τὰ δʼ ἐν τῇ Σικελίᾳ στρατόπεδα τῶν Ῥωμαίων κατὰ μὲν τὸν ἑξῆς ἐνιαυτὸν οὐδὲν ἄξιον ἔπραξαν λόγου, §1.24.9τότε δὲ προσδεξάμενοι τοὺς ἐπικαθεσταμένους ἄρχοντας Αὖλον Ἀτίλιον καὶ Γάιον Σολπίκιον ὥρμησαν ἐπὶ τὸν Πάνορμον διὰ τὸ τὰς τῶν Καρχηδονίων δυνάμεις ἐκεῖ παραχειμάζειν. §1.24.10οἱ δὲ στρατηγοὶ συνεγγίσαντες τῇ πόλει μετὰ πάσης τῆς δυνάμεως παρετάξαντο.
The Romans, having contrary to expectation laid claim to their hope on the sea, were doubly strengthened in their eagerness for the war. At that time, then, they put in at Sicily and raised the siege of the Aegesteans, who were already in an extreme plight, and during their retreat from Aegesta they took the city of Macella by storm. After the naval battle, Hamilcar, the Carthaginian general in command of the land forces, who was stationed around Panormus, learned that the allies in the Roman camps were quarreling with the Romans about the place of honor in the battles, and hearing that the allies were encamped by themselves between Paropus and Thermae of Himera, he fell upon them suddenly with his whole force as they were breaking camp, and slew about four thousand of them. After this affair, Hannibal sailed away to Carthage with the ships that had been saved, and not long afterwards set sail from there for Sardinia, taking with him additional ships and some of the distinguished trierarchs. But not long afterwards, having been shut up by the Romans in a certain harbor in Sardinia and having lost many of his ships, he was immediately seized by the surviving Carthaginians and crucified. For the Romans, as soon as they touched the sea, immediately began to lay hold of the affairs of Sardinia as well. As for the Roman forces in Sicily, during the following year they performed nothing worthy of mention, but then, having received the newly appointed commanders, Aulus Atilius and Gaius Sulpicius, they set out against Panormus, because the Carthaginian forces were wintering there. The generals, having approached the city with their whole force, drew up in battle array.
τῶν δὲ πολεμίων οὐκ ἀντεξιόντων, πάλιν ἐντεῦθεν ἐποιήσαντο τὴν ὁρμὴν ἐπὶ πόλιν Ἱππάναν, §1.24.11καὶ ταύτην μὲν ἐξ ἐφόδου κατὰ κράτος ἔλαβον, εἷλον δὲ καὶ τὸ Μυττίστρατον, πολλοὺς χρόνους ὑπομεμενηκὸς τὴν πολιορκίαν διὰ τὴν ὀχυρότητα τοῦ τόπου. §1.24.12τὴν δὲ Καμαριναίων πόλιν μικρῷ πρότερον ἀπʼ αὐτῶν ἀποστᾶσαν, τότε προσενέγκαντες ἔργα καὶ καταβαλόντες τὰ τείχη κατέσχον· ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τὴν Ἔνναν καὶ ἕτερα πλείω πολισμάτια τῶν Καρχηδονίων. §1.24.13ἀπὸ δὲ τούτων γενόμενοι Λιπαραίους ἐπεχείρησαν πολιορκεῖν.
But as the enemy did not come out to meet them, they turned back from there and directed their march against the city of Hippana, which they took by storm at the first assault, and they also captured Mytistratum, which had held out against siege for a long time on account of the strength of its position. As for the city of the Camarinaeans, which had revolted from them a short time before, they now brought up siege engines against it, threw down its walls, and took possession of it; and in like manner they took Enna and several other small towns belonging to the Carthaginians. After these achievements, they set about besieging the Liparaeans.

Notes

  1. 1.24.1ἀντιπεποιημένοι τῆς κατὰ θάλατταν ἐλπίδος — The middle voice verb `ἀντιποιέομαι` ('to lay claim to' or 'strive for') takes the genitive `τῆς ... ἐλπίδος` ('the hope on the sea') as its object. It expresses that the Romans had confidently claimed or conceived a hope of naval victory.
  2. 1.24.2ἐσχάτως αὐτῶν ἤδη διακειμένων — Genitive absolute construction. The personal pronoun `αὐτῶν` refers to the Aegesteans (`Αἰγεσταίων`), and `διακειμένων` (from the intransitive verb `διακείμαι` meaning 'to be in a certain state') combined with the adverb `ἐσχάτως` signifies that they were 'in desperate straits' due to the siege.
  3. 1.24.4ἀνάσυστατοπεδεύουσι — Dative plural present participle modifying the pronoun `αὐτοῖς` (referring to the allies), specifying the exact moment they were caught off guard. The verb `ἀναστρατοπεδεύω` means 'to break up camp' or 'to march away,' highlighting their vulnerability while preparing to move.
  4. 1.24.12μικρῷ πρότερον — Dative of degree of difference. The dative form `μικρῷ` (from `μικρός`) modifies the comparative/temporal adverb `πρότερον` to mean 'a little before' or 'a short time earlier.'

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §1.24.1-1.24.13. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.24.1-1.24.13

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