Humanitext Reader

Septuagint · Jonah §4.1-4.11

The Plant and God's Lesson to Jonah on Mercy

Passage 4 of 4 · Greek

Summary

Jonah is deeply displeased with God's mercy toward Nineveh, so God teaches him a lesson using a gourd that grows and quickly withers, illustrating why He must spare the great city with its numerous inhabitants and cattle.

§4.1Καὶ ἐλυπήθη Ἰωνᾶς λύπην μεγάλην, καὶ συνεχύθη· §4.2καὶ προσεύξατο πρὸς Κύριον καὶ εἶπεν Ὦ Κύριε, οὐχ οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι μου, ἔτι ὄντος μου ἐν τῇ γῇ μου διὰ τοῦτο προέφθασα τοῦ φυγεῖν εἰς Θαρσείς, διότι ἔγνων ὅτι σὺ ἐλεήμων καὶ οἰκτίρμων, μακρόθυμος καὶ πολυέλεος καὶ μετανοῶν ἐπὶ ταῖς κακίαις. §4.3καὶ νῦν, δέσποτα Κύριε, λάβε τὴν ψυχήν μου ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ, ὅτι καλὸν τὸ ἀποθανεῖν με ἢ ζῇν με. §4.4καὶ εἶπεν Κύριος πρὸς Ἰωνᾶν Εἰ σφόδρα λελύπησαι σύ; §4.5καὶ ἐξῆλθεν Ἰωνᾶς ἐκ τῆς πόλεως, καὶ ἐκάθισεν ἀπέναντι τῆς πόλεως· καὶ ἐποίησεν ἑαυτῷ ἐκεῖ σκηνὴν καὶ ἐκάθητο ὑποκάτω αὐτῆς ἐν σκιῷ, ἕως οὗ ἀπίδῃ τί ἔσται τῇ πόλει.
And Jonah was exceedingly displeased, and was confounded; and he prayed to the Lord, and said, "Ah, Lord, were not these my words when I was yet in my country? Therefore I made haste to flee to Tarshish; for I knew that you are gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and abundant in mercy, and repenting of evils." "And now, Sovereign Lord, take my life from me, for it is better for me to die than to live." And the Lord said to Jonah, "Are you so exceedingly displeased?" And Jonah went out of the city, and sat opposite the city; and he made himself a booth there, and sat under it in the shadow, until he should see what would happen to the city.
§4.6καὶ προσέταξεν Κύριος ὁ θεὸς κολοκύνθῃ, καὶ ἀνέβη ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς τοῦ Ἰωνᾶ τοῦ εἶναι σκιὰν ὑπεράνω τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ, τοῦ σκιάζειν αὐτῷ ἀπὸ τῶν κακῶν αὐτοῦ· καὶ ἐχάρη Ἰωνᾶς ἐπὶ τῇ κολοκύνθῃ χαρὰν μεγάλην.
And the Lord God commanded a gourd, and it came up over the head of Jonah to be a shadow over his head, to shelter him from his discomforts; and Jonah was exceeding glad of the gourd.
§4.7καὶ προσέταξεν ὁ θεὸς σκώληκι ἑωθινῇ τῇ ἐπαύριον, καὶ ἐπάταξεν τὴν κολοκύνθαν, καὶ ἀπεξηράνθη.
And God commanded a worm at dawn on the next day, and it smote the gourd, and it withered away.
§4.8καὶ ἐγένετο ἅμα τῷ ἀνατεῖλαι τὸν ἥλιον καὶ προσέταξεν ὁ θεὸς πνεύματι καύσωνος συνκαίοντι, καὶ ἐπάταξεν ὁ ἥλιος ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν Ἰωνᾶ· καὶ ὠλιγοψύχησεν καὶ ἀπελέγετο τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ, καὶ εἶπεν Καλόν μοι ἀποθανεῖν με ἢ ζῇν. §4.9καὶ εἶπεν ὁ θεὸς πρὸς Ἰωνᾶν Εἰ σφόδρα λελύπησαι σὺ ἐπὶ τῇ κολοκύνθῃ; καὶ εἶπεν Σφόδρα λελύπημαι ἐγὼ ἕως θανάτου. §4.10καὶ εἶπεν Κύριος Σὺ ἐφείσω ὑπὲρ τῆς κολοκύνθης, ὑπὲρ ἧς οὐκ ἐκακοπάθησας ἐπʼ αὐτήν, καὶ οὐκ ἐξέθρεψας αὐτήν, ἣ ἐγενήθη ὑπὸ νύκτα καὶ ὑπὸ νύκτα ἀπώλετο. §4.11ἐγὼ δὲ οὐ φείσομαι ὑπὲρ Νινευὴ τῆς πόλεως τῆς μεγάλης, ἐν ᾗ κατοικοῦσιν πλείους δώδεκα μυριάδες ἀνθρώπων, οἵτινες οὐκ ἔγνωσαν δεξιὰν αὐτῶν ἢ ἀριστερὰν αὐτῶν, καὶ κτήνη πολλά;
And it came to pass, when the sun arose, that God commanded a sultry burning wind, and the sun beat upon the head of Jonah; and he fainted, and wished for his life, and said, "It is better for me to die than to live." And God said to Jonah, "Are you so exceedingly displeased on account of the gourd?" And he said, "I am exceedingly displeased, even unto death." And the Lord said, "You had pity on the gourd, for which you did not labor, neither did you bring it up; which came into being overnight, and perished overnight." "and shall I not spare Nineveh, that great city, in which dwell more than twelve myriads of persons, who have not known their right hand or their left hand, and also much cattle?"

Notes

  1. §4.2τοῦ φυγεῖν — A genitive articular infinitive completing the verb προφθάνω (to anticipate, do beforehand). This structure reflects the Hebrew preposition l- with an infinitive, functioning here to specify the content of the anticipation: "I fled beforehand."
  2. §4.4Εἰ — Although usually a conjunction introducing a conditional clause, here εἰ introduces a direct question. This is a Septuagintal usage mimicking the Hebrew interrogative particle הֲ (hă), serving simply to mark the sentence as a question.
  3. §4.6τοῦ εἶναι — Genitive articular infinitive (the neuter genitive article τοῦ with the infinitive) expressing purpose. The subsequent τοῦ σκιάζειν is also used in the same manner, repeatedly explaining the intended effect and purpose of the plant ("to be a shadow... to shelter him").
  4. §4.10ὑπὸ νύκτα — The preposition ὑπό with the accusative noun νύκτα expressing temporal proximity or duration, meaning "in the night" or "overnight." It emphasizes the brief and transient nature of the plant's life.

Cite this passage

Septuagint, Jonah §4.1-4.11. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527.tlg041.humanitext-grc1:4.1-4.11

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.