§5.6.1κατὰ δὲ τὴν ὁδὸν τὴν εὐθεῖαν διαβάντι τὸν Ἄνιγρον καὶ ἰόντι ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν, ἔστιν οὐ μετὰ πολὺ ἐν δεξιᾷ τῆς ὁδοῦ χωρίον τε ὑψηλὸν καὶ πόλις Σαμία ἐπʼ αὐτοῦ.
To one who has crossed the Anigrus and is traveling along the straight road to Olympia, there is not far on the right of the road a high place and upon it the city of Samia.
ταύτῃ Πολυσπέρχοντά φασιν ἄνδρα Αἰτωλὸν ἐπιτειχίσματι ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἀρκάδας χρήσασθαι.
In this place they say that Polysperchon, an Aetolian man, used it as a stronghold against the Arcadians.
§5.6.2τὰ δὲ ἐρείπια τὰ Ἀρήνης σαφῶς μὲν οὔτε Μεσσηνίων εἶχεν οὐδεὶς οὔτε Ἠλείων ἀποφῆναί μοι· διάφορα δὲ ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς καὶ οὐ κατὰ ταὐτὰ πάρεστι τοῖς ἐθέλουσιν εἰκάζειν, πιθανώτατα δὲ ἐφαίνοντό μοι λέγειν οἱ τὸ Σαμικὸν τὰ παλαιότερα ἔτι καὶ τὰ ἐπὶ τῶν ἡρώων Ἀρήνην καλεῖσθαι νομίζοντες.
As for the ruins of Arene, neither any of the Messenians nor of the Eleans could clearly point them out to me; but various and conflicting opinions exist about it for those who wish to conjecture, and to me those seemed to speak most persuasively who believe that Samicum was called Arene in still more ancient times, even in the age of the heroes.
οὗτοι δὲ καὶ ἔπη τῶν ἐν Ἰλιάδι ἔλεγον· "
ἔστι δέ τις ποταμὸς Μινυήιος εἰς ἅλα βάλλων
ἐγγύθεν Ἀρήνης. "
And these also cited verses from those in the Iliad: "And there is a certain river Minyeius emptying into the sea, near Arene.
§5.6.3τὰ δὲ ἐρείπια ταῦτα πλησιαίτατά ἐστι τοῦ Ἀνίγρου.
"These ruins are very close to the Anigrus.
καὶ Ἀρήνην μὲν ἀμφισβητοίης ἂν μὴ ὀνομασθῆναι τὸ Σαμικόν, τῷ δὲ ποταμῷ Ἀνίγρῳ Μινυήιον τὸ ὄνομα εἶναι τὸ ἀρχαῖον ὡμολογήκασιν οἱ Ἀρκάδες.
And though one might dispute whether Samicum was named Arene, the Arcadians agree that the ancient name of the river Anigrus was Minyeius.
ὅρον δὲ Ἠλείοις πρὸς τὴν Μεσσηνίαν τῆς Νέδας τὰ ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ γενέσθαι τις πείθοιτο ἂν ὁμοῦ τῇ ἐς Πελοπόννησον Ἡρακλειδῶν καθόδῳ.
One might also believe that the Neda became the boundary for the Eleans against Messenia near the sea at the same time as the return of the Heracleidae to the Peloponnese.
§5.6.4μετὰ δὲ τὸν Ἄνιγρον ὁδεύσαντι ἐπὶ μακρότερον διὰ χωρίου τὰ πλείονα ὑποψάμμου καὶ ἔχοντος δένδρα πίτυς ἀγρίας, ὀπίσω ἐς ἀριστερὰ Σκιλλοῦντος ὄψει ἐρείπια.
After crossing the Anigrus, as you travel further through a country for the most part rather sandy and having wild pine trees, you will see behind you on the left the ruins of Scillus.
τῶν μὲν δὴ πόλεων ἦν τῶν ἐν τῇ Τριφυλίᾳ καὶ Σκιλλοῦς· ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ πολέμου τοῦ Πισαίων πρὸς Ἠλείους ἐπίκουροί τε Πισαίων οἱ Σκιλλούντιοι καὶ διάφοροι τοῖς Ἠλείοις ἦσαν ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ, καὶ σφᾶς οἱ Ἠλεῖοι τούτων ἕνεκα ἐποίησαν ἀναστάτους.
Scillus was indeed one of the cities in Triphylia; but at the time of the war between the Pisans and the Eleans, the Scilluntians were allies of the Pisans and openly hostile to the Eleans, and for this reason the Eleans destroyed them.
§5.6.5Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ ὕστερον Σκιλλοῦντα ἀποτεμόμενοι τῆς Ἠλείας Ξενοφῶντι ἔδοσαν τῷ Γρύλου, φυγάδι ἤδη γεγονότι ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν.
Later, the Lacedaemonians cut off Scillus from Elea and gave it to Xenophon, the son of Grylus, who was already an exile from Athens.
ἐδιώχθη δὲ ὁ Ξενοφῶν ὑπὸ Ἀθηναίων ὡς ἐπὶ βασιλέα τῶν Περσῶν σφίσιν εὔνουν ὄντα στρατείας μετασχὼν Κύρῳ πολεμιωτάτῳ τοῦ δήμου·
Xenophon was banished by the Athenians on the ground that, having taken part in the expedition with Cyrus, who was most hostile to their democracy, he was fighting against the King of the Persians, who was friendly to them.
καθήμενος γὰρ ἐν Σάρδεσιν ὁ Κῦρος Λυσάνδρῳ τῷ Ἀριστοκρίτου καὶ Λακεδαιμονίοις χρήματα ἀνήλισκεν ἐς τὰς ναῦς.
For Cyrus, while residing in Sardis, spent money on ships for Lysander, the son of Aristocritus, and the Lacedaemonians.
ἀντὶ τούτων μὲν Ξενοφῶντι ἐγένετο φυγή, κατοικήσας δὲ ἐν Σκιλλοῦντι τέμενός τε καὶ ἱερὸν καὶ ναὸν Ἀρτέμιδι ᾠκοδομήσατο Ἐφεσίᾳ.
In return for these things Xenophon was exiled, and having settled in Scillus, he built a sacred precinct, a sanctuary, and a temple to Ephesian Artemis.
§5.6.6παρέχεται δὲ ὁ Σκιλλοῦς καὶ ἄγρας θηρίων, ὑῶν τε ἀγρίων καὶ ἐλάφων· καὶ τὴν γῆν τὴν Σκιλλουντίαν Σελινοῦς ποταμὸς διέξεισιν.
Scillus also provides hunting of wild beasts, wild boars and deer; and through the territory of Scillus flows the river Selinus.
οἱ δὲ Ἠλείων ἐξηγηταὶ κομίσασθαί τε αὖθις Σκιλλοῦντα Ἠλείους ἔλεγον, καὶ Ξενοφῶντα, ὅτι ἔλαβε παρὰ Λακεδαιμονίων τὴν γῆν, κριθῆναι μὲν ἐν τῇ Ὀλυμπικῇ βουλῇ, τυχόντα δὲ παρὰ Ἠλείων συγγνώμης ἀδεῶς ἐν Σκιλλοῦντι οἰκῆσαι.
The Elean guides said that the Eleans recovered Scillus again, and that Xenophon, because he had received the land from the Lacedaemonians, was tried in the Olympic council, but having obtained pardon from the Eleans, he lived without fear in Scillus.
καὶ δὴ καὶ ὀλίγον ἀπωτέρω τοῦ ἱεροῦ μνῆμά τε ἐδείκνυτο καὶ τῆς Πεντελῆσίν ἐστι λιθοτομίας εἰκὼν ἐπὶ τῷ τάφῳ· εἶναι δὲ αὐτὸ Ξενοφῶντος λέγουσιν οἱ προσοικοῦντες.
Indeed, a little distance from the sanctuary a monument was shown, and on the tomb there is an image of stone from the quarries of Pentelicus; and those who live nearby say that it is the tomb of Xenophon.
§5.6.7κατὰ δὲ τὴν ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν ὁδόν, πρὶν ἢ διαβῆναι τὸν Ἀλφειόν, ἔστιν ὄρος ἐκ Σκιλλοῦντος ἐρχομένῳ πέτραις ὑψηλαῖς ἀπότομον· ὀνομάζεται δὲ Τυπαῖον τὸ ὄρος.
On the road to Olympia, before crossing the Alpheius, there is a mountain, to one coming from Scillus, steep with high cliffs; the mountain is named Typaeum.
κατὰ τούτου τὰς γυναῖκας Ἠλείοις ἐστὶν ὠθεῖν νόμος, ἢν φωραθῶσιν ἐς τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐλθοῦσαι τὸν Ὀλυμπικὸν ἢ καὶ ὅλως ἐν ταῖς ἀπειρημέναις σφίσιν ἡμέραις διαβᾶσαι τὸν Ἀλφειόν.
It is the law for the Eleans to cast down from this mountain any women who are caught having come to the Olympic games, or even at all having crossed the Alpheius on the days forbidden to them.
οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ ἁλῶναι λέγουσιν οὐδεμίαν, ὅτι μὴ Καλλιπάτειραν μόνην· εἰσὶ δὲ οἳ τὴν αὐτὴν ταύτην Φερενίκην καὶ οὐ Καλλιπάτειραν καλοῦσιν.
They say, however, that no woman has ever been caught, except only Callipateira; although there are some who call this same woman Pherenice and not Callipateira.
§5.6.8αὕτη προαποθανόντος αὐτῇ τοῦ ἀνδρός, ἐξεικάσασα αὑτὴν τὰ πάντα ἀνδρὶ γυμναστῇ, ἤγαγεν ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν τὸν υἱὸν μαχούμενον· νικῶντος δὲ τοῦ Πεισιρόδου, τὸ ἔρυμα ἐν ᾧ τοὺς γυμναστὰς ἔχουσιν ἀπειλημμένους, τοῦτο ὑπερπηδῶσα ἡ Καλλιπάτειρα ἐγυμνώθη.
She, when her husband had died beforehand, having disguised herself in every way as a male trainer, brought her son to Olympia to compete; and when Peisirodus was winning, Callipateira, as she leaped over the barrier within which they keep the trainers enclosed, became exposed.
φωραθείσης δὲ ὅτι εἴη γυνή, ταύτην ἀφιᾶσιν ἀζήμιον καὶ τῷ πατρὶ καὶ ἀδελφοῖς αὐτῆς καὶ τῷ παιδὶ αἰδῶ νέμοντες—ὑπῆρχον δὴ ἅπασιν αὐτοῖς Ὀλυμπικαὶ νῖκαι—, ἐποίησαν δὲ νόμον ἐς τὸ ἔπειτα ἐπὶ τοῖς γυμνασταῖς γυμνοὺς σφᾶς ἐς τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐσέρχεσθαι.
When it was discovered that she was a woman, they let her go unpunished, showing respect to her father, her brothers, and her son—for Olympic victories belonged to them all—but they made a law for the future that trainers should enter the contest naked.