§6.2.7τὴν δὲ τῆς χώρας ἀρετὴν θρυλουμένην ὑπὸ πάντων οὐδὲν χείρω τῆς Ἰταλίας ἀποφαινομένων τί δεῖ λέγειν;
What need is there to speak of the fertility of the land, which is celebrated by everyone, who declare it to be in no way inferior to Italy?
σίτῳ δὲ καὶ μέλιτι καὶ κρόκῳ καὶ ἄλλοις τισὶ κἂν ἀμείνω τις φαίη.
Indeed, in respect to grain, honey, saffron, and certain other things, one might even say it is superior.
πρόσεστι δὲ καὶ τὸ ἐγγύθεν· ὡσανεὶ γὰρ μέρος τι τῆς Ἰταλίας ἐστὶν ἡ νῆσος, καὶ ὑποχορηγεῖ τῇ Ῥώμῃ καθάπερ ἐκ τῶν Ἰταλικῶν ἀγρῶν ἕκαστα εὐμαρῶς καὶ ἀταλαιπώρως.
There is also the advantage of closeness; for the island is, as it were, a part of Italy, and supplies Rome with each of its products easily and without labor, just as if from Italian fields.
καὶ δὴ καὶ καλοῦσιν αὐτὴν ταμεῖον τῆς Ῥώμης· κομίζεται γὰρ τὰ γινόμενα πάντα πλὴν ὀλίγων τῶν αὐτόθι ἀναλισκομένων δεῦρο.
And indeed, they call it the storehouse of Rome; for everything produced there, except for the few things consumed on the spot, is brought here.
ταῦτα δʼ ἐστὶν οὐχ οἱ καρποὶ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ βοσκήματα καὶ δέρματα καὶ ἔρια καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα.
These are not only the fruits of the earth, but also livestock, hides, wool, and suchlike.
φησὶ δʼ ὁ Ποσειδώνιος οἷον ἀκροπόλεις ἐπὶ θαλάττης δύο τὰς Συρακούσσας ἱδρῦσθαι καὶ τὸν Ἔρυκα, μέσην δὲ ἀμφοῖν ὑπερκεῖσθαι τῶν κύκλῳ πεδίων τὴν Ἔνναν.
Posidonius says that Syracuse and Eryx are established like two acropolises on the sea, and that Enna lies high above the surrounding plains, situated midway between both.
§6.2.8πλησίον δὲ τῶν Κεντορίπων ἐστὶ πόλισμα ἡ μικρὸν ἔμπροσθεν λεχθεῖσα Αἴτνη τοὺς ἀναβαίνοντας ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος δεχομένη καὶ παραπέμπουσα· ἐντεῦθεν γὰρ ἀρχὴ τῆς ἀκρωρείας.
Near Centuripa is the town of Aetna, mentioned a little earlier, which receives and sends on those who ascend the mountain; for from here is the beginning of the mountain ridge.
ἔστι δὲ ψιλὰ τὰ ἄνω χωρία καὶ τεφρώδη καὶ χιόνος μεστὰ τοῦ χειμῶνος, τὰ κάτω δὲ δρυμοῖς καὶ φυτείαις διείληπται παντοδαπαῖς.
The upper regions are bare, ashy, and full of snow in winter, while the lower parts are divided by forests and plantations of all kinds.
ἔοικε δὲ λαμβάνειν μεταβολὰς πολλὰς τὰ ἄκρα τοῦ ὄρους διὰ τὴν νομὴν τοῦ πυρός, τοτὲ μὲν εἰς ἕνα κρατῆρα συμφερομένου τοτὲ δὲ σχιζομένου, καὶ τοτὲ μὲν ῥύακας ἀναπέμποντος τοτὲ δὲ φλόγας καὶ λιγνῦς, ἄλλοτε δὲ καὶ μύδρους ἀναφυσῶντος· ἀνάγκη δὲ τοῖς πάθεσι τούτοις τούς τε ὑπὸ γῆν πόρους συμμεταβάλλειν καὶ τὰ στόμια ἐνίοτε πλείω κατὰ τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν τὴν πέριξ.
The summits of the mountain seem to undergo many changes because of the distribution of the fire, which at one time gathers into one crater, and at another is divided, and at one time sends up lava-streams, and at another flames and thick smoke, and at other times also blows up glowing masses of stone; and it is necessary that by these occurrences the underground passages also change, and the openings at times become more numerous along the surrounding surface.
οἱ δʼ οὖν νεωστὶ ἀναβάντες διηγοῦντο ἡμῖν ὅτι καταλάβοιεν ἄνω πεδίον ὁμαλὸν ὅσον εἴκοσι σταδίων τὴν περίμετρον, κλειόμενον ὀφρύι τεφρώδει τειχίου τὸ ὕψος ἔχοντι, ὥστε δεῖν καθάλλεσθαι τοὺς εἰς τὸ πεδίον προελθεῖν βουλομένους· ὁρᾶν τʼ ἐν τῷ μέσῳ βουνὸν τεφρώδη τὴν χρόαν, οἵαπερ καὶ ἡ ἐπιφάνεια καθεωρᾶτο τοῦ πεδίου, ὑπὲρ δὲ τοῦ βουνοῦ νέφος ὄρθιον διανεστηκὸς εἰς ὕψος ὅσον διακοσίων ποδῶν ἠρεμοῦν (εἶναι γὰρ καὶ νηνεμίαν), εἰκάζειν δὲ καπνῷ· δύο δὲ τολμήσαντας προελθεῖν εἰς τὸ πεδίον, ἐπειδὴ θερμοτέρας ἐπέβαινον τῆς ψάμμου καὶ βαθυτέρας, ἀναστρέψαι μηδὲν ἔχοντας περιττότερον φράζειν τῶν φαινομένων τοῖς πόρρωθεν ἀφορῶσι.
At any rate, those who recently ascended related to us that they found at the top a flat plain about twenty stadia in circumference, enclosed by an ashy ridge having the height of a wall, so that those who wished to go forward into the plain had to leap down; and they saw in the middle a mound ashy in color, just as the surface of the plain also appeared to be, and above the mound a cloud rising straight up to a height of about two hundred feet, remaining still (for there was also a calm), and they compared it to smoke; and two men who dared to go forward into the plain, when they stepped upon hotter and deeper sand, turned back, having nothing more to tell than what was visible to those looking on from a distance.
νομίζειν δʼ ἐκ τῆς τοιαύτης ὄψεως πολλὰ μυθεύεσθαι καὶ μάλιστα οἷά φασί τινες περὶ Ἐμπεδοκλέους, ὅτι καθάλοιτο εἰς τὸν κρατῆρα καὶ καταλίποι τοῦ πάθους ἴχνος τῶν ἐμβάδων τὴν ἑτέραν ἃς ἐφόρει χαλκᾶς· εὑρεθῆναι γὰρ ἔξω μικρὸν ἄπωθεν τοῦ χείλους τοῦ κρατῆρος ὡς ἀνερριμμένην ὑπὸ τῆς βίας τοῦ πυρός· οὔτε γὰρ προσιτὸν εἶναι τὸν τόπον οὔθʼ ὁρατόν, εἰκάζειν τε μηδὲ καταρριφῆναί τι δύνασθαι ἐκεῖσε ὑπὸ τῆς ἀντιπνοίας τῶν ἐκ βάθους ἀνέμων καὶ τῆς θερμότητος, ἣν προαπαντᾶν εὔλογον πόρρωθεν πρὶν ἢ τῷ στομίῳ τοῦ κρατῆρος προσπελάσαι· εἰ δὲ καταρριφείη, φθάνοι ἂν διαφθαρὲν πρὶν ἀναρριφῆναι πάλιν ὁποῖον παρελήφθη πρότερον.
They think that from such an appearance many stories are made up, and especially such as some tell about Empedocles, that he leaped down into the crater and left behind, as a trace of his fate, one of the two bronze sandals which he used to wear; for it was found outside, a little distance from the lip of the crater, as if thrown up by the force of the fire; for they say that the place is neither accessible nor visible, and they conjecture that nothing can even be cast down into it because of the counter-blast of the winds from the depths and the heat, which it is reasonable to suppose meets one far off before approaching the mouth of the crater; and if it should be cast down, it would be destroyed before being thrown up again in the same condition as it was first received.
τὸ μὲν οὖν ἐκλείπειν ποτὲ τὰ πνεύματα καὶ τὸ πῦρ ἐπιλειπούσης τῆς ὕλης, οὐκ ἄλογον, οὐ μὴν ἐπὶ τοσοῦτόν γε ὥστʼ ἀντὶ τῆς τοσαύτης βίας ἐφικτὸν ἀνθρώπῳ γενέσθαι τὸν πλησιασμόν.
That the winds and the fire should sometimes fail when the material fails is not unreasonable, but certainly not to such an extent that, instead of such great violence, an approach should become achievable for a human being.
ὑπέρκειται δʼ ἡ Αἴτνη μᾶλλον μὲν τῆς κατὰ τὸν πορθμὸν καὶ τὴν Καταναίαν παραλίας, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς κατὰ τὸ Τυρρηνικὸν πέλαγος καὶ τὰς Λιπαραίων νήσους.
Aetna lies above the coast along the strait and the territory of Catana, but also above the coast along the Tyrrhenian Sea and the Liparian Islands.
νύκτωρ μὲν οὖν καὶ φέγγη φαίνεται λαμπρὰ ἐκ τῆς κορυφῆς, μεθʼ ἡμέραν δὲ καπνῷ καὶ ἀχλύι κατέχεται.
By night, indeed, bright lights are seen from the summit, but by day it is held by smoke and mist.