§3.4.1λοιπὴ δʼ ἐστὶ τῆς Ἰβηρίας ἥ τε ἀπὸ τῶν στηλῶν μέχρι τῆς Πυρήνης καθʼ ἡμᾶς παραλία καὶ ἡ ταύτης ὑπερκειμένη μεσόγαια πᾶσα, τὸ μὲν πλάτος ἀνώμαλος τὸ δὲ μῆκος μικρῷ πλειόνων ἢ τετρακισχιλίων σταδίων· τὸ δὲ τῆς παραλίας ἔτι πλεῖον καὶ δισχιλίοις σταδίοις εἴρηται.
The remaining part of Iberia consists of the coastline on our sea from the Pillars to the Pyrenees, and the whole of the interior lying above this, which is irregular in its width, but in length is a little more than four thousand stadia; but the length of the coastline is said to be still more, even by two thousand stadia.
φασὶ δὲ ἀπὸ μὲν Κάλπης τοῦ κατὰ στήλας ὄρους ἐπὶ Καρχηδόνα νέαν δισχιλίους καὶ διακοσίους σταδίους· οἰκεῖσθαι δὲ τὴν ᾐόνα ταύτην ὑπὸ Βαστητανῶν οὓς καὶ Βαστούλους καλοῦσιν, ἐκ μέρους δὲ καὶ ὑπὸ Ὠρητανῶν.
And they say that from Calpe, the mountain near the Pillars, to New Carthage is two thousand and two hundred stadia; and that this shore is inhabited by the Bastetanians, whom they also call Bastulians, and in part also by the Oretanians.
ἐντεῦθεν δʼ ἐπὶ τὸν Ἴβηρα ἄλλους τοσούτους σχεδόν τι (ταύτην δʼ ἔχειν Ἐδητανούς), ἐντὸς δὲ τοῦ Ἴβηρος μέχρι Πυρήνης καὶ τῶν Πομπηίου ἀναθημάτων χιλίους καὶ ἑξακοσίους· οἰκεῖν δὲ Ἐδητανῶν τε ὀλίγους καὶ λοιπὸν τοὺς προσαγορευομένους Ἰνδικήτας μεμερισμένους τέτραχα.
And from there to the Hebrus is about as much again (and this the Edetanians occupy), and within the Hebrus as far as the Pyrenees and the monuments of Pompey is one thousand six hundred stadia; and that it is inhabited by a few of the Edetanians, and for the rest by the people called Indicetans, who are divided into four parts.
§3.4.2κατὰ μέρος δὲ ἀπὸ Κάλπης ἀρξαμένοις ῥάχις ἐστὶν ὀρεινὴ τῆς Βαστητανίας καὶ τῶν Ὠρητανῶν δασεῖαν ὕλην ἔχουσα καὶ μεγαλόδενδρον, διορίζουσα τὴν παραλίαν ἀπὸ τῆς μεσογαίας.
To those beginning in detail from Calpe, there is a mountain ridge of Bastetania and the Oretanians, which has a thick and large-treed forest, dividing the coast from the interior.
πολλαχοῦ δὲ κἀνταῦθά ἐστι χρυσεῖα καὶ ἄλλα μέταλλα.
And in many places here too there are gold mines and other mines.
πόλις δʼ ἐστὶν ἐν τῇ παραλίᾳ ταύτῃ πρώτη Μάλακα, ἴσον διέχουσα τῆς Κάλπης ὅσον καὶ τὰ Γάδειρα· ἐμπόριον δʼ ἐστὶν τοῖς ἐν τῇ περαίᾳ νομάσι, καὶ ταριχείας δὲ ἔχει μεγάλας.
And the first city on this coast is Malaca, which is at the same distance from Calpe as Gadeira is; and it is a market for the nomads on the opposite coast, and it also has great establishments for salting fish.
ταύτην τινὲς τῇ Μαινάκῃ τὴν αὐτὴν νομίζουσιν, ἣν ὑστάτην τῶν Φωκαϊκῶν πόλεων πρὸς δύσει κειμένην παρειλήφαμεν, οὐκ ἔστι δέ· ἀλλʼ ἐκείνη μὲν ἀπωτέρω τῆς Κάλπης ἐστί, κατεσκαμμένη, τὰ δʼ ἴχνη σώζουσα Ἑλληνικῆς πόλεως, ἡ δὲ Μάλακα πλησίον μᾶλλον, Φοινικικὴ τῷ σχήματι.
Some think that this city is the same as Maenace, which we have received as being the last of the Phocaean cities situated towards the west, but it is not; rather, the former is further from Calpe, in ruins, though preserving the traces of a Greek city, whereas Malaca is closer, Phoenician in its character.
ἐφεξῆς δʼ ἐστὶν ἡ τῶν Ἐξιτανῶν πόλις, ἐξ ἧς καὶ τὰ ταρίχη ἐπωνύμως λέγεται.
And next is the city of the Exitanians, from which also the salted fish is named after them.
§3.4.3μετὰ ταύτην Ἄβδηρα Φοινίκων κτίσμα καὶ αὐτή.
After this is Abdera, also a foundation of the Phoenicians.
ὑπὲρ δὲ τῶν τόπων ἐν τῇ ὀρεινῇ δείκνυται Ὀδύσσεια καὶ τὸ ἱερὸν τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς ἐν αὐτῇ, ὡς Ποσειδώνιός τε εἴρηκε καὶ Ἀρτεμίδωρος καὶ Ἀσκληπιάδης ὁ Μυρλεανός, ἀνὴρ ἐν τῇ Τουρδητανίᾳ παιδεύσας τὰ γραμματικὰ καὶ περιήγησίν τινα τῶν ἐθνῶν ἐκδεδωκὼς τῶν ταύτῃ.
And above these places, in the mountainous region, Odysseia is shown, and the temple of Athena in it, as Poseidonius and Artemidorus have said, and also Asclepiades of Myrlea, a man who taught grammar in Turdetania and published a certain description of the tribes in these parts.
οὗτος δέ φησιν ὑπομνήματα τῆς πλάνης τῆς Ὀδυσσέως ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς ἀσπίδας προσπεπατταλεῦσθαι καὶ ἀκροστόλια.
And this writer says that as memorials of the wandering of Odysseus, shields and ship-beaks have been nailed up in the temple of Athena.
ἐν Καλλαϊκοῖς δὲ τῶν μετὰ Τεύκρου στρατευσάντων τινὰς οἰκῆσαι, καὶ ὑπάρξαι πόλεις αὐτόθι, τὴν μὲν καλουμένην Ἕλληνες τὴν δὲ Ἀμφίλοχοι, ὡς καὶ τοῦ Ἀμφιλόχου τελευτήσαντος δεῦρο καὶ τῶν συνόντων πλανηθέντων μέχρι τῆς μεσογαίας.
And among the Callaicans some of those who campaigned with Teucer settled, and cities existed there, one called "Hellenes" and the other "Amphilochians," as Amphilochus also died here and his companions wandered into the interior.
καὶ τῶν μεθʼ Ἡρακλέους δέ τινας καὶ τῶν ἀπὸ Μεσσήνης ἱστορῆσθαί φησιν ἐποικῆσαι τὴν Ἰβηρίαν, τῆς δὲ Κανταβρίας μέρος τι κατασχεῖν Λάκωνας καὶ οὗτός φησι καὶ ἄλλοι.
And he says it is recorded that some of those who accompanied Heracles and some of those from Messene settled in Iberia, and both he and others say that Lacedaemonians occupied a certain part of Cantabria.
ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ Ὠκέλλαν πόλιν Ὠκέλλα κτίσμα λέγουσι τοῦ μετὰ Ἀντήνορος καὶ τῶν παίδων αὐτοῦ διαβάντος εἰς τὴν Ἰταλίαν.
And here they also mention the city of Ocella, a foundation of Ocella, who crossed over to Italy with Antenor and his children.
καὶ ἐν τῇ Λιβύῃ δὲ πεπιστεύκασί τινες τοῖς τῶν Γαδειριτῶν ἐμπόροις προσέχοντες, ὡς καὶ Ἀρτεμίδωρος εἴρηκεν, ὅτι οἱ ὑπὲρ τῆς Μαυρουσίας οἰκοῦντες πρὸς τοῖς ἑσπερίοις Αἰθίοψι Λωτοφάγοι καλοῦνται, σιτούμενοι λωτόν, πόαν τινὰ καὶ ῥίζαν, οὐ δεόμενοι δὲ ποτοῦ, οὐδὲ ἔχοντες διὰ τὴν ἀνυδρίαν, διατείνοντες καὶ μέχρι τῶν ὑπὲρ τῆς Κυρήνης τόπων.
And in Libya too some have believed, giving heed to the merchants of Gadeira, as Artemidorus also says, that those who live beyond Maurusia near the western Ethiopians are called Lotophagi, feeding on lotus, a certain grass and root, and not needing drink, nor having it because of the lack of water, and that they extend as far as the regions beyond Cyrene.
ἄλλοι τε πάλιν καλοῦνται Λωτοφάγοι τὴν ἑτέραν οἰκοῦντες τῶν πρὸ τῆς μικρᾶς Σύρτεως νήσων, τὴν Μήνιγγα.
And others again are called Lotophagi, who inhabit the other of the islands in front of the Lesser Syrtis, Meninx.
§3.4.4οὐ δὴ θαυμάζοι τις ἂν οὔτε τοῦ ποιητοῦ τὰ περὶ τὴν Ὀδυσσέως πλάνην μυθογραφήσαντος τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον, ὥστʼ ἔξω στηλῶν ἐν τῷ Ἀτλαντικῷ πελάγει τὰ πολλὰ διαθέσθαι τῶν λεγομένων περὶ αὐτοῦ (τὰ γὰρ ἱστορούμενα ἐγγὺς ἦν καὶ τόποις καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις τῶν ὑπʼ ἐκείνου πεπλασμένων, ὥστε οὐκ ἀπίθανον ἐποίει τὸ πλάσμα), οὔτʼ εἴ τινες αὐταῖς τε ταύταις ταῖς ἱστορίαις πιστεύσαντες καὶ τῇ πολυμαθείᾳ τοῦ ποιητοῦ καὶ πρὸς ἐπιστημονικὰς ὑποθέσεις ἔτρεψαν τὴν Ὁμήρου ποίησιν, καθάπερ Κράτης τε ὁ Μαλλώτης ἐποίησε καὶ ἄλλοι τινές.
Therefore, one would not wonder either at the poet having mythologized in this manner about the wandering of Odysseus, so as to place most of what is said about him outside the Pillars in the Atlantic Ocean (for the things recorded were close both in places and in other respects to those fashioned by him, so that he did not make the fiction incredible), nor if some, having believed both these accounts themselves and the great learning of the poet, turned the poetry of Homer towards scientific hypotheses, just as Crates of Mallus did and some others.
οἱ δʼ οὕτως ἀγροίκως ἐδέξαντο τὴν ἐπιχείρησιν τὴν τοιαύτην ὥστε οὐ μόνον τὸν ποιητὴν σκαπανέως ἢ θεριστοῦ δίκην ἐκ πάσης τῆς τοιαύτης ἐπιστήμης ἐξέβαλον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς ἁψαμένους τῆς τοιαύτης πραγματείας μαινομένους ὑπέλαβον· συνηγορίαν δὲ ἢ ἐπανόρθωσιν ἤ τι τοιοῦτον ἕτερον εἰς τὰ λεχθέντα ὑπʼ ἐκείνων εἰσενεγκεῖν οὐκ ἐθάρρησεν οὔτε τῶν γραμματικῶν οὔτε τῶν περὶ τὰ μαθήματα δεινῶν οὐδείς.
But others received such an attempt so rudely that they not only cast out the poet, like a ditcher or a harvester, from all such knowledge, but also regarded those who touched upon such research as madmen; and to bring in a defense or correction or any other such thing to what was said by them, no one either of the grammarians or of those skilled in mathematics dared.
καίτοι ἔμοιγε δοκεῖ δυνατὸν εἶναι καὶ συνηγορῆσαι πολλοῖς τῶν λεχθέντων καὶ εἰς ἐπανόρθωσιν ἄγειν καὶ μάλιστα ταῦτα ὅσα Πυθέας παρεκρούσατο τοὺς πιστεύσαντας αὐτῷ κατὰ ἄγνοιαν τῶν τε ἑσπερίων τόπων καὶ τῶν προσβόρρων τῶν παρὰ τὸν ὠκεανόν.
Yet to me at least it seems possible both to defend many of the things said and to lead them to correction, and especially those things in which Pytheas deceived those who believed him, through their ignorance of both the western and the northern regions along the ocean.
ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν ἐάσθω λόγον ἔχοντα ἴδιον καὶ μακρόν.
But let these things be passed over, as they have an independent and long discussion.