§15.1.48̔́εκτοι δʼ εἰσὶν οἱ ἔφοροι·
The sixth class consists of the inspectors (ephoroi).
τούτοις δʼ ἐποπτεύειν δέδοται τὰ πραττόμενα καὶ ἀναγγέλλειν λάθρᾳ τῷ βασιλεῖ συνεργοὺς ποιουμένοις τὰς ἑταίρας, τοῖς μὲν ἐν τῇ πόλει τὰς ἐν τῇ πόλει τοῖς δὲ ἐν στρατοπέδῳ τὰς αὐτόθι·
To these it is assigned to oversee what is being done and to report secretly to the king, making the courtesans their collaborators—those in the city employing the courtesans in the city, and those in the camp employing those on the spot.
καθίστανται δʼ οἱ ἄριστοι καὶ πιστότατοι.
The best and most trustworthy men are appointed to this office.
§15.1.49̔́εβδομοι δʼ οἱ σύμβουλοι καὶ σύνεδροι τοῦ βασιλέως, ἐξ ὧν τὰ ἀρχεῖα καὶ δικαστήρια καὶ ἡ διοίκησις τῶν ὅλων.
The seventh class consists of the advisors and councillors of the king, from whom are appointed the magistrates, the courts, and the administration of the whole.
οὐκ ἔστι δʼ οὔτε γαμεῖν ἐξ ἄλλου γένους οὔτʼ ἐπιτήδευμα οὔτʼ ἐργασίαν μεταλαμβάνειν ἄλλην ἐξ ἄλλης, οὐδὲ πλείους μεταχειρίζεσθαι τὸν αὐτὸν πλὴν εἰ τῶν φιλοσόφων τις εἴη· ἐᾶσθαι γὰρ τοῦτον διʼ ἀρετήν.
It is not permitted either to marry from another class or to change from one pursuit or trade to another, nor for the same person to practice more than one, unless he is one of the philosophers; for the philosopher is permitted to do so because of his virtue.
§15.1.50τῶν δʼ ἀρχόντων οἱ μέν εἰσιν ἀγορανόμοι οἱ δʼ ἀστυνόμοι οἱ δʼ ἐπὶ τῶν στρατιωτῶν·
Of the magistrates, some are market-inspectors (agoranomoi), others city-inspectors (astynomoi), and others are in charge of military affairs.
ὧν οἱ μὲν ποταμοὺς ἐξεργάζονται καὶ ἀναμετροῦσι τὴν γῆν ὡς ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ, καὶ τὰς κλειστὰς διώρυγας, ἀφʼ ὧν εἰς τὰς ὀχετείας ταμιεύεται τὸ ὕδωρ, ἐπισκοποῦσιν ὅπως ἐξ ἴσης πᾶσιν ἡ τῶν ὑδάτων παρείη χρῆσις.
Of these, the first class supervise the rivers and measure the land as is done in Egypt, and inspect the closed canals from which water is distributed into the conduits, so that the use of the water may be available to all on equal terms.
οἱ δʼ αὐτοὶ καὶ τῶν θηρευτῶν ἐπιμελοῦνται καὶ τιμῆς καὶ κολάσεώς εἰσι κύριοι τοῖς ἐπαξίοις· καὶ φορολογοῦσι δὲ καὶ τὰς τέχνας τὰς περὶ τὴν γῆν ἐπιβλέπουσιν ὑλοτόμων τεκτόνων χαλκέων μεταλλευτῶν·
The same men also have charge of the hunters, and have authority to bestow rewards and punishments upon those who deserve them; they also collect the taxes and supervise the crafts connected with the land, such as those of woodcutters, carpenters, blacksmiths, and miners.
ὁδοποιοῦσι δὲ καὶ κατὰ δέκα στάδια στήλην τιθέασι τὰς ἐκτροπὰς καὶ τὰ διαστήματα δηλοῦσαν.
They also construct roads, and at every ten stadia they place a pillar showing the bypasses and the distances.
§15.1.51οἱ δʼ ἀστυνόμοι εἰς ἓξ πεντάδας διῄρηνται·
The city-inspectors (astynomoi) are divided into six bodies of five.
καὶ οἱ μὲν τὰ δημιουργικὰ σκοποῦσιν οἱ δὲ ξενοδοχοῦσιν· καὶ γὰρ καταγωγὰς νέμουσι καὶ τοῖς βίοις παρακολουθοῦσι παρέδρους δόντες, καὶ προπέμπουσιν ἢ αὐτοὺς ἢ τὰ χρήματα τῶν ἀποθανόντων, νοσούντων τε ἐπιμελοῦνται καὶ ἀποθανόντας θάπτουσι.
The first body inspects matters of craft; the second entertains strangers, for they assign lodgings, watch over their lives by appointing assistants to them, escort them on their departure or send away the property of those who die, care for them when they are sick, and bury them when they die.
τρίτοι δʼ εἰσὶν οἳ τὰς γενέσεις καὶ θανάτους ἐξετάζουσι πότε καὶ πῶς, τῶν τε φόρων χάριν καὶ ὅπως μὴ ἀφανεῖς εἶεν αἱ κρείττους καὶ χείρους γοναὶ καὶ θάνατοι.
The third body inquires into births and deaths, when and how they occur, both for the sake of taxes and so that births and deaths, whether among the higher or lower classes, may not escape notice.
τέταρτοι οἱ περὶ τὰς καπηλείας καὶ μεταβολάς, οἷς μέτρων μέλει καὶ τῶν ὡραίων, ὅπως ἀπὸ συσσήμου πωλοῖτο.
The fourth body has charge of retail trade and barter, and they look after measures and seasonal products, so that they may be sold by public signal.
οὐκ ἔστι δὲ πλείω τὸν αὐτὸν μεταβάλλεσθαι πλὴν εἰ διττοὺς ὑποτελοίη φόρους.
The same person is not permitted to trade in more than one thing unless he pays double taxes.
πέμπτοι δʼ οἱ προεστῶτες τῶν δημιουργουμένων καὶ πωλοῦντες ταῦτʼ ἀπὸ συσσήμου, χωρὶς μὲν τὰ καινὰ χωρὶς δὲ τὰ παλαιά· τῷ μιγνύντι δὲ ζημία.
The fifth body presides over manufactured goods and sells them by public signal, keeping the new and the old separate; and there is a penalty for the one who mixes them.
ἕκτοι δὲ καὶ ὕστατοι οἱ τὰς δεκάτας ἐκλέγοντες τῶν πωλουμένων· θάνατος δὲ τῷ κλέψαντι τὸ τέλος.
The sixth and last body collects the tenths of things sold; and death is the penalty for the one who steals the tax.
ἰδίᾳ μὲν ἕκαστοι ταῦτα, κοινῇ δʼ ἐπιμελοῦνται τῶν τε ἰδίων καὶ τῶν πολιτικῶν καὶ τῆς τῶν δημοσίων ἐπισκευῆς, τειχῶν τε καὶ ἀγορᾶς καὶ λιμένων καὶ ἱερῶν.
Individually, each body performs these duties, but collectively they look after both private and civic matters, and the repair of public works, such as walls, the marketplace, ports, and temples.
§15.1.52μετὰ δὲ τοὺς ἀστυνόμους τρίτη ἐστὶ συναρχία ἡ περὶ τὰ στρατιωτικά, καὶ αὕτη ταῖς πεντάσιν ἑξαχῇ διωρισμένη·
After the city-inspectors, the third governing body is that in charge of military affairs, and this also is divided into six bodies of five.
ὧν τὴν μὲν μετὰ τοῦ ναυάρχου τάττουσι τὴν δὲ μετὰ τοῦ ἐπὶ τῶν βοϊκῶν ζευγῶν, διʼ ὧν ὄργανα κομίζεται καὶ τροφὴ αὐτοῖς τε καὶ κτήνεσι καὶ τὰ ἄλλα τὰ χρήσιμα τῇ στρατιᾷ.
Of these, they station one with the admiral; another with the superintendent of the ox-teams, by means of which engines of war are transported, as well as food for both the men themselves and the beasts, and other things useful to the army.
οὗτοι δὲ καὶ τοὺς διακόνους παρέχουσι, τυμπανιστάς, κωδωνοφόρους, ἔτι δὲ καὶ ἱπποκόμους καὶ μηχανοποιοὺς καὶ τοὺς τούτων ὑπηρέτας· ἐκπέμπουσί τε πρὸς κώδωνα τοὺς χορτολόγους, τιμῇ καὶ κολάσει τὸ τάχος κατασκευαζόμενοι καὶ τὴν ἀσφάλειαν.
These officers also provide the servants—drummers, bell-bearers, and further, grooms, mechanics, and their assistants; they also send out the foragers at the sound of a bell, securing speed and safety by means of rewards and punishments.
τρίτοι δέ εἰσιν οἱ τῶν πεζῶν ἐπιμελούμενοι· τέταρτοι δʼ οἱ τῶν ἵππων· πέμπτοι δʼ ἁρμάτων· ἕκτοι δὲ ἐλεφάντων·
The third body consists of those who have charge of the infantry; the fourth, of the cavalry; the fifth, of the chariots; the sixth, of the elephants.
βασιλικοί τε σταθμοὶ καὶ ἵπποις καὶ θηρίοις, βασιλικὸν δὲ καὶ ὁπλοφυλάκιον· παραδίδωσι γὰρ ὁ στρατιώτης τήν τε σκευὴν εἰς τὸ ὁπλοφυλάκιον καὶ τὸν ἵππον εἰς τὸν ἱππῶνα καὶ τὸ θηρίον ὁμοίως·
There are royal stables both for horses and for the beasts, and also a royal armory; for the soldier delivers his equipment into the armory, his horse into the stable, and his beast likewise.
χρῶνται δʼ ἀχαλινώτοις·
They use their horses without bridles.
τὰ δʼ ἅρματα ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς βόες ἕλκουσιν, οἱ δὲ ἵπποι ἀπὸ φορβειᾶς ἄγονται τοῦ μὴ παρεμπίπρασθαι τὰ σκέλη, μηδὲ τὸ πρόθυμον αὐτῶν τὸ ὑπὸ τοῖς ἅρμασιν ἀμβλύνεσθαι.
On the roads, oxen draw the chariots, while the horses are led by a halter so that their legs may not be chafed, nor their spirit under the chariots be dulled.
δύο δʼ εἰσὶν ἐπὶ τῷ ἅρματι παραβάται πρὸς τῷ ἡνιόχῳ· ὁ δὲ τοῦ ἐλέφαντος ἡνίοχος τέταρτος, τρεῖς δʼ οἱ ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ τοξεύοντες.
There are two combatants on the chariot besides the charioteer; while the driver of the elephant is the fourth passenger, and three are those who shoot arrows from it.