§4.50Εὐδίας δὲ σημεῖα τάδε.
The signs of fair weather are as follows.
Ἥλιος μὲν ἀνιὼν λαμπρὸς καὶ μὴ καυματίας καὶ μὴ ἔχων σημεῖον μηδὲν ἐν ἑαυτῷ εὐδίαν σημαίνει.
The rising sun, if it is bright and not scorching, and has no sign in itself, indicates fair weather.
Ὡς δʼ αὕτως σελήνη πανσελήνῳ.
And likewise the moon when it is full.
Καὶ δυόμενος ἥλιος χειμῶνος εἰς καθαρὸν εὐδιεινὸς, ἐὰν μὴ ταῖς προτέραις ἡμέραις εἰς μὴ καθαρὸν δεδυκὼς ᾖ ἐξ εὐδιῶν· οὕτω δὲ ἄδηλον.
And the setting sun in winter, if it sets into a clear sky, indicates fair weather, unless on the preceding days, after a period of fair weather, it has set into a sky that is not clear; in that case, the sign is uncertain.
Καὶ ἐὰν χειμάζοντος ἡ δύσις γένηται εἰς καθαρὸν εὐδιεινόν·
And if, during a storm, the setting occurs into a clear sky, it indicates fair weather.
καὶ ἐὰν δύνων χειμῶνος ὠχρὸς ᾖ εὐδίαν σημαίνει.
And if, while setting in winter, the sun is pale, it indicates fair weather.
§4.51Καὶ ὁ μεὶς ἐὰν τριταῖος ὢν λαμπρὸς ᾖ εὐδιεινόν.
And if the crescent moon on the third day is bright, it indicates fair weather.
Καὶ ἡ τοῦ ὄνου φάτνη ὅτε ἂν καθαρὰ καὶ λαμπρὰ φαίνηται εὐδιεινόν.
And when the Manger of the Ass appears clear and bright, it indicates fair weather.
Ἅλως δὲ ἐὰν ὁμαλῶς παγῇ καὶ μαρανθῇ εὐδίαν σημαίνει.
And a halo, if it forms evenly and fades away, indicates fair weather.
Αἱ κοιλάδες νεφέλαι χειμῶνος εὐοδιειναί.
Clouds in the valleys in winter indicate fair weather.
Ὄλυμπος δὲ καὶ Ἄθως καὶ ὅλως τὰ ὄρη τὰ σημαντικὰ ὅταν τὰς κορυφὰς καθαρὰς ἔχωσιν εὐδίαν σημαίνει.
And when Olympus, Athos, and in general the mountains that give signs have their peaks clear, they indicate fair weather.
Καὶ ὅταν τὰ νέφη πρὸς τὴν θάλασσαν αὐτὴν παραζωννύῃ εὐδιεινόν.
And when clouds girdle the sea itself, it indicates fair weather.
Καὶ ὅταν ὕσαντος πρὸς δυσμὰς χαλκῶδες τὰ νέφη χρῶμα ἔχῃ· εὐδία γὰρ ὡς τὰ πολλὰ τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ.
And when, after rain, the clouds towards the west have a bronze color; for fair weather generally follows on the next day.
§4.52Ὅταν δὲ ὁμίχλη γένηται ὕδωρ οὐ γίνεται ἢ ἔλαττον.
When mist occurs, rain does not fall, or is less.
Ὅταν γέρανοι πέτωνται καὶ μὴ ἀνακάμπτωσιν εὐδίαν σημαίνει· οὐ γὰρ πέτονται πρὶν ἢ ἂν πετόμενοι καθαρὰ ἴδωσι.
When cranes fly and do not turn back, it indicates fair weather; for they do not fly before they see a clear sky as they fly.
Γλαῦξ ἡσυχαῖον φθεγγομένη ἐν χειμῶνι εὐδίαν προσημαίνει· καὶ νύκτωρ χειμῶνος ἡσυχαῖον ᾄδουσα.
An owl hooting softly during a storm foretells fair weather; and also when singing softly at night in winter.
Θαλαττία δὲ γλαῦξ ᾄδουσα χειμῶνος μὲν εὐδίαν σημαίνει, εὐδίας δὲ χειμῶνα.
But the sea-owl singing indicates fair weather in a storm, but a storm in fair weather.
Καὶ κόραξ δὲ μόνος μὲν ἡσυχαῖον κράζων, καὶ ἐὰν τρὶς κράξῃ μετὰ τοῦτο πολλάκις κράξῃ εὐδιεινός.
And a raven croaking softly when alone, and if it croaks thrice and after this croaks many times, indicates fair weather.
§4.53Καὶ κορώνη ἕωθεν εὐθὺς ἐὰν κράξῃ τρὶς εὐδίαν καὶ ἑσπέρας χειμῶνος ἡσυχαῖον ᾄδουσα.
And a crow, if it croaks thrice straightway in the morning, indicates fair weather, and also when singing softly in the evening in winter.
Καὶ ὄρχιλος ἐξ ὀπῆς ἐκπετόμενος καὶ ἐξ ἑρκίων καὶ ἐξ οἰκίας ἔξωθεν εὐδίαν σημαίνει.
And a wren flying out from a hole, from hedges, or from a house outside indicates fair weather.
Καὶ ἐὰν χειμῶνος βορεύοντος βορρᾶθεν ὑπόλαμψις γένηται λευκὴ νοτόθεν δὲ ἐναντία τεταγμένη ᾖ νεφέλη ὀγκώδης, ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολὺ εἰς εὐδίαν σημαίνει μεταβολήν.
And if, in winter when a north wind blows, a white gleam appears from the north, while from the south on the opposite side a swelling cloud is arrayed, it generally indicates a change to fair weather.
Καὶ ὅταν βορέας νεφέλας πολλὰς κινῇ ἐκπνέων μέγας εὐδίαν σημαίνει.
And when the north wind, blowing strong, moves many clouds, it indicates fair weather.
§4.54Πρόβατα ὀψὲ ὀχευόμενα εὐδιεινὸν ἀποτελοῦσι τὸ σημεῖον.
Sheep mating late make a sign of fair weather.
Καὶ βοῦς ἐπὶ τὸ ἀριστερὸν ἰσχίον κατακλινόμενος εὐδίαν σημαίνει· καὶ κύων ὡσαύτως· ἐπὶ δεξιὸν δὲ χειμῶνα.
And an ox lying down on its left flank indicates fair weather; and a dog likewise; but on its right, a storm.
Τέττιγες πολλοὶ γινόμενοι νοσῶδες τὸ ἔτος σημαίνουσι.
Many cicadas appearing indicate a pestilential year.
Λύχνος χείμῶνος καιόμενος ἡσυχαῖος εὐδίαν σημαίνει.
A lamp burning steadily in winter indicates fair weather.
Καὶ ἐὰν ἐπʼ ἄκρῳ οἷον κέγχρους ἔχῃ λαμπράς· καὶ ἐὰν ἐν κύκλῳ τὴν μύξαν περιγράφῃ λαμπρὰ γραμμή.
And also if it has on its tip bright spots like millet seeds; and if a bright line circles the nozzle.
§4.55Ὁ τῆς σχίνου καρπὸς σημαίνει τοὺς ἀρότους· ἔχει δὲ τρία μέρη καὶ ἔστιν ὁ πρῶτος τοῦ πρώτου ἀρότου σημεῖον, ὁ δεύτερος τοῦ δευτέρου, ὁ τρίτος τοῦ τρίτου· καὶ ὡς ἂν τούτων κλίνῃ κάλλιστα καὶ γένηται ἁδρότατος οὕτως ἕξει καὶ ὁ κατὰ τοῦτον ἄροτος.
The fruit of the mastic-tree indicates the times of plowing; it has three parts, and the first is the sign of the first plowing, the second of the second, and the third of the third; and whichever of these turns out best and becomes fullest, so also will the plowing corresponding to it fare.
§4.56Λέγεται δὲ καὶ τοιάδε σημεῖα ὅλων τε τῶν ἐνιαυτῶν γίνεσθαι καὶ τῶν μορίων· Ἐὰν ἀρχομένου τοῦ χειμῶνος ζόφος ᾖ καὶ καύματα γίνηται καὶ ταῦτα ἄνευ ὕδατος ὑπʼ ἀνέμων διαλυθῇ, πρὸς τὸ ἔαρ σημαίνει χάλαζαν ἐσομένην.
Signs of the following kind are also said to occur both for whole years and for their parts: If at the beginning of winter there is darkness and heat, and these are dispersed by winds without rain, it indicates that there will be hail towards spring.
Καὶ ἐὰν μετὰ τὴν ἐαρινὴν ἰσημερίαν ὁμίχλαι πίπτωσι, πνεύματα καὶ ἀνέμους σημαίνουσιν εἰς ἕβδομον μῆνα ἀμφοτέρων ἀριθμουμένων.
And if after the spring equinox mists descend, they indicate winds and breezes up to the seventh month, counting both months.
Ὅσαι μὲν ἅμα μηνοειδεῖ τῇ σελήνῃ πίπτουσιν, αὗται μὲν πνεύματα σημαίνουσιν εἰς ἐκεῖνον τὸν χρόνον, ὅσαι δʼ ἀμφικύρτου οὔσης τῆς σελήνης ὕδατα.
Those mists which descend when the moon is crescent-shaped indicate winds for that period, but those when the moon is gibbous indicate rain.
Καὶ ὅσῳ ἂν μᾶλλον ἐφʼ ἑκατέρῳ τῷ σχήματι ὁμίχλαι πίπτωσι μᾶλλον τὰ εἰρημένα σημαίνει.
And the more the mists descend under either phase, the more they indicate the aforesaid.
§4.57Σημαίνει δὲ καὶ τὰ πνεύματα ἅμα ταῖς ὁμίχλαις ἐπιπιπτούσαις γινόμενα· καὶ ἐὰν μὲν ἀπʼ ἠοῦς καὶ μεσημβρίας γίνηται τὰ πνεύματα, ὕδατα σημαίνει· ἐὰν δʼ ἀφʼ ἑσπέρας καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς ἄρκτου πνεύματα καὶ ψύχη.
The winds occurring at the same time as the descending mists also indicate future weather: and if the winds are from the east and south, they indicate rain; but if from the west and north, winds and cold.
Οὓς δὲ κομήτας Αἰγύπτιοι λέγουσιν οὐ μόνον τὰ προειρημένα σημαίνουσιν ὅταν φαίνωνται ἀλλὰ καὶ ψύχη· ἐπὶ δὲ τοῖς ἄστροις εἴωθεν ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολὺ σημαίνειν καὶ ταῖς ἰσημερίαις καὶ τροπαῖς, οὐκ ἐπʼ αὐταῖς ἀλλʼ ἢ πρὸ αὐτῶν ἢ ὕστερον μικρῷ.
And what the Egyptians call comets indicate, when they appear, not only the aforesaid but also cold; and they are generally accustomed to indicate changes at the rising or setting of stars and at the equinoxes and solstices, not on the exact days but either before them or a little after.